backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/cloner.rb:36:in ‘private‘: nil is not a symbol(TypeError)的解决方案

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_45118229/article/details/134929235

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文章目录

前言
1、问题描述
- 1.1、操作步骤
- 1.2、报错信息
2、原因分析
3、解决方案
4、总结

前言

在使用 RubyGems 包管理工具进行软件包安装的过程中，使用 gem 命令来安装 fpm 包。fpm 是一个功能强大的软件包创建工具，能将软件以不同的包格式进行打包，如 RPM、DEB 等。

1、问题描述

1.1、操作步骤

在使用 gem 命令安装 fpm 包：

gem install fpm

安装完成后，为了了解 fpm 的具体使用方法和可配置参数，执行查看帮助信息的命令：

fpm -help

1.2、报错信息

执行上述命令后，系统抛出了详细的报错信息。如下所示：

[root@localhost ~]# fpm -help
/usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/cloner.rb:36:in `private': nil is not a symbol (TypeError)
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/cloner.rb:36:in `<class:Cloner>'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/cloner.rb:7:in `<class:Ractor>'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/cloner.rb:6:in `<module:Backports>'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/cloner.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/ractor.rb:9:in `require_relative'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/ractor.rb:9:in `<class:Ractor>'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/ractor.rb:6:in `<module:Backports>'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/ractor/ractor.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/3.0.0/ractor.rb:18:in `require_relative'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/3.0.0/ractor.rb:18:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/tools/require_relative_dir.rb:12:in `require_relative'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/tools/require_relative_dir.rb:12:in `block in require_relative_dir'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/tools/require_relative_dir.rb:9:in `each'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/tools/require_relative_dir.rb:9:in `require_relative_dir'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/3.0.0.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/3.1.0.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/backports-3.24.1/lib/backports/latest.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:126:in `require'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:126:in `require'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/fpm-1.15.1/lib/fpm/package.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:73:in `require'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:73:in `require'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/fpm-1.15.1/lib/fpm.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:73:in `require'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:73:in `require'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/fpm-1.15.1/bin/fpm:4:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/local/bin/fpm:23:in `load'
        from /usr/local/bin/fpm:23:in `<main>'

2、原因分析

通过仔细查看报错日志，发现错误信息中多次提及 backports-3.24.1 这个包，由此可以判断是 backports-3.24.1 包在运行过程中出现了问题。
在软件开发中，依赖包的版本不兼容是一个常见的问题。当不同的包对同一个依赖包的版本有不同的要求时，就会出现版本冲突。因此，推测此次报错是由于 fpm 与 backports-3.24.1 之间存在版本冲突导致的。基于这个推测，考虑尝试更换一个低版本的 backports 包来解决问题。

3、解决方案

3.1、卸载当前版本

首先，需要卸载当前安装的 backports-3.24.1 包。使用 gem uninstall 命令可以方便地卸载指定的 RubyGems 包。具体命令如下：

gem uninstall backports

执行该命令后，系统会将当前安装的 backports 包从系统中移除。

3.2、尝试安装低版本

在卸载当前版本的 backports 包后，先尝试安装 backports-3.8.0 版本。这个版本相对较低，希望它能与 fpm 兼容。执行以下安装命令：

gem install backports -v 3.8.0

安装完成后，再次执行 fpm -help 命令，出现新的报错信息：

[root@localhost ~]# gem install backports -v 3.8.0
Successfully installed backports-3.8.0
Parsing documentation for backports-3.8.0
1 gem installed
[root@localhost ~]# fpm -help
/usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': cannot load such file -- backports/latest (LoadError)
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/fpm-1.15.1/lib/fpm/package.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/fpm-1.15.1/lib/fpm.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/share/rubygems/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /usr/local/share/gems/gems/fpm-1.15.1/bin/fpm:4:in `<top (required)>'
        from /usr/local/bin/fpm:23:in `load'
        from /usr/local/bin/fpm:23:in `<main>'

此报错信息显示 backports/latest 文件无法被加载，这表明 backports-3.8.0 版本过低，不能满足 fpm 对 backports 包的功能需求。

3.3、安装折中版本

鉴于 backports-3.8.0 版本过低，接着尝试安装一个折中的版本 3.20.1。执行以下安装命令：

gem install backports -v 3.20.1

安装输出信息如下：

[root@localhost ~]# gem install backports -v 3.20.1
Fetching: backports-3.20.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed backports-3.20.1
Parsing documentation for backports-3.20.1
Installing ri documentation for backports-3.20.1
1 gem installed

安装完成后，再次执行 fpm -help 命令，此时 fpm 成功显示帮助信息，说明 fpm 已安装成功且可正常使用。从下图可以直观地看到 fpm 正常运行的情况：
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