typora-copy-images-to: Risk Management and Financial Institution
文章目录
- Risk Management and Financial Institution Chapter 2 —— Banks
Risk Management and Financial Institution Chapter 2 —— Banks
- Today, most large banks engage in both commercial and investment banking
- 商业银行做存贷业务,投行做发行股票、举债、并购重组、证券经纪等等业务
- 商业银行分为零售与整售,retail and wholesale,零售的存贷价差要高于整售,但整售的成本以及预期损失更低,整售的资金经常从货币中央银行借出,money center banks
2.1 Commercial Banking
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监管事务包括:capital that banks must keep, the activities they are allowed to engage in, deposit insurance, and the extent to which mergers and foreign ownership are allowed
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The structure of banking in the United States is largely a result of regulatory restrictions on interstate banking,架构源于美国监管条约中的跨州经营规定
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两个阻力和弊端:
- 小银行失去市场份额
- 支票清算及其他付款服务会降低货币中心银行的盈利
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McFadden Act 一个州之内只能开一家分行
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成立多银行控股可以绕过法案
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1970年限制令开始消失,互惠条约,reciprocal agreements
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2010年颁布了Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
2.2 Capital Requirements of a small Commercial Bank
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subordinated long‐term debt——bonds issued by the bank to investors that rank below deposits in the event of a liquidation 破产优先级仅次于存款
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The equity capital consists of the original cash investment of the shareholders and earnings retained in the bank 股权资本由留存收益与最初投资组成
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It is important for the bank to be managed so that net interest income remains roughly constant regardless of movements in interest rates of different maturities 不同利率环境下平缓利差收入至关重要
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default 无法避免,导致 loan losses,违约率随着经济状况波动