MIT（计算机科学）学习心得

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-10 14:43:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-10 14:43:58 发布

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分类专栏：计算机基础学习

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_43843797/article/details/86191675

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本文探讨了计算机科学的基础概念，包括算法与程序的区别、计算思维的含义以及编码的重要性。算法是概念，而程序是其实现。计算思维涉及问题求解、系统设计和人类行为理解。在编码方面，讲述了ASCII、Unicode编码，以及乱码产生的原因，强调了正确选择解码格式以避免乱码的关键性。同时，提到了文本文件和二进制文件的处理差异，以及如何通过不同编程语言进行读写操作。

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1.算法和程序之间的区别是什么？ What is the difference between an Algorithm and a Program?
：算法是一个概念，程序是算法的具体实现 An algorithm is a conceptual idea, a program is a concrete instantiation of an algorithm.
2.计算思维模式意味着一切都可以看做是一个涉及到数字和公式的数学问题。 True or False? A computational mode of thinking means that everything can be viewed as a math problem involving numbers and formulas.
：Ture;
3.计算机科学是研究如何建立高效的程序运行机器。 True or False? Computer Science is the study of how to build efficient machines that run programs.
:False;
4.任何计算机都能做的两件事是 The two things every computer can do are:
：进行计算 Perform calculations
：存储结果 Remember the results
5.陈述性知识是事实的陈述。Declarative knowledge refers to statements of fact.
：Ture;
6.命令性知识是如何做的方法。Imperative knowledge refers to ‘how to’ methods.
:Ture;
7.不能把推算平方根的方法写成真正的计算机程序是因为计算机不能猜出 y 的初始值。The recipe for deducing square root cannot be made into a real computer program because computers cannot guess a starting value for y.
:Ture;
8.储存程序式计算机被设计为可以精确地执行一种特定计算，如计算平方根或者导弹弹道。True or False? A stored program computer is designed to compute precisely one computation, such as a square root, or the trajectory of a missile.
:False;
9.固定程序式计算机被设计为可以运行任何计算，通过解释它所读入的一系列程序指令。True or False? A fixed program computer is designed to run any computation, by interpreting a sequence of program instructions that are read into it.
:False;
10.程序计数器A program counter
:指向程序将执行的下一条命令points the computer to the next instruction to execute in the program.
11.我们讲的“计算机按照顺序地执行一些运算”是什么意思？What does it mean when we say that “the computer walks through the sequence executing some computation”?
:计算机大部分时候以线性顺序执行指令，除了有时它将跳转到序列的不同地方。The computer executes the instructions mostly in a linear sequence, except sometimes it jumps to a different place in the sequence.
12.为了计算所有可计算的事物，每个计算机必须能够处理16种最原始的操作。True or False? In order to compute everything that is computable, every computer must be able to handle the sixteen most primitive operations.
:False;
13.判定一个字串是否合法Determines whether a string is legal
:语法Syntax;
14.判定一个字串是否有意义Determines whether a string has meaning
: 静态语义Static semantics ;
15.赋予一个合法的语句意义Assigns a meaning to a legal sente