python图片相似度对比算法

import cv2
import numpy as np

# 均值哈希算法
def aHash(img,shape=(10,10)):
    # 缩放为10*10
    img = cv2.resize(img, shape)
    # 转换为灰度图
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    # s为像素和初值为0，hash_str为hash值初值为''
    s = 0
    hash_str = ''
    # 遍历累加求像素和
    for i in range(shape[0]):
        for j in range(shape[1]):
            s = s + gray[i, j]
    # 求平均灰度
    avg = s / 100
    # 灰度大于平均值为1相反为0生成图片的hash值
    for i in range(shape[0]):
        for j in range(shape[1]):
            if gray[i, j] > avg:
                hash_str = hash_str + '1'
            else:
                hash_str = hash_str + '0'
    return hash_str

# 差值感知算法
def dHash(img,shape=(10,10)):
    # 缩放10*11
    img = cv2.resize(img, (shape[0]+1, shape[1]))
    # 转换灰度图
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    hash_str = ''
    # 每行前一个像素大于后一个像素为1，相反为0，生成哈希
    for i in range(shape[0]):
        for j in range(shape[1]):
            if gray[i, j] > gray[i, j + 1]:
                hash_str = hash_str + '1'
            else:
                hash_str = hash_str + '0'
    return hash_str


# 感知哈希算法(pHash)
def pHash(img,shape=(10,10)):
    # 缩放32*32
    img = cv2.resize(img, (32, 32))  # , interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC

    # 转换为灰度图
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    # 将灰度图转为浮点型，再进行dct变换
    dct = cv2.dct(np.float32(gray))
    # opencv实现的掩码操作
    dct_roi = dct[0:10, 0:10]

    hash = []
    avreage = np.mean(dct_roi)
    for i in range(dct_roi.shape[0]):
        for j in range(dct_roi.shape[1]):
            if dct_roi[i, j] > avreage:
                hash.append(1)
            else:
                hash.append(0)
    return hash


# 通过得到RGB每个通道的直方图来计算相似度
def classify_hist_with_split(image1, image2, size=(256, 256)):
    # 将图像resize后，分离为RGB三个通道，再计算每个通道的相似值
    image1 = cv2.resize(image1, size)
    image2 = cv2.resize(image2, size)
    sub_image1 = cv2.split(image1)
    sub_image2 = cv2.split(image2)
    sub_data = 0
    for im1, im2 in zip(sub_image1, sub_image2):
        sub_data += calculate(im1, im2)
    sub_data = sub_data / 3
    return sub_data


# 计算单通道的直方图的相似值
def calculate(image1, image2):
    hist1 = cv2.calcHist([image1], [0], None, [256], [0.0, 255.0])
    hist2 = cv2.calcHist([image2], [0], None, [256], [0.0, 255.0])
    # 计算直方图的重合度
    degree = 0
    for i in range(len(hist1)):
        if hist1[i] != hist2[i]:
            degree = degree + (1 - abs(hist1[i] - hist2[i]) / max(hist1[i], hist2[i]))
        else:
            degree = degree + 1
    degree = degree / len(hist1)
    return degree

# Hash值对比
def cmpHash(hash1, hash2,shape=(10,10)):
    n = 0
    # hash长度不同则返回-1代表传参出错
    if len(hash1)!=len(hash2):
        return -1
    # 遍历判断
    for i in range(len(hash1)):
        # 相等则n计数+1，n最终为相似度
        if hash1[i] == hash2[i]:
            n = n + 1
    return n/(shape[0]*shape[1])

def main():
    img1 = cv2.imread(r'p3.tif')
    img2 = cv2.imread(r'p2.tif')

    hash1 = aHash(img1)
    hash2 = aHash(img2)
    n = cmpHash(hash1, hash2)
    print('均值哈希算法相似度：', n)

    hash1 = dHash(img1)
    hash2 = dHash(img2)
    n = cmpHash(hash1, hash2)
    print('差值哈希算法相似度：', n)

    hash1 = pHash(img1)
    hash2 = pHash(img2)
    n = cmpHash(hash1, hash2)
    print('感知哈希算法相似度：', n)

    n = classify_hist_with_split(img1, img2)
    print('三直方图算法相似度：', n)

    n = calculate(img1, img2)
    print('单通道的直方图算法相似度：', n)

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()