c++ try catch throw

异常是程序在执行期间产生的问题。异常提供了一种转移程序控制权的方式。C++ 异常处理涉及到三个关键字：try、catch、throw。

• throw: 当问题出现时，程序会抛出一个异常。这是通过使用 throw 关键字来完成的。
• catch: 在您想要处理问题的地方，通过异常处理程序捕获异常。catch 关键字用于捕获异常。
• try: try 块中的代码标识将被激活的特定异常。它后面通常跟着一个或多个 catch 块。

例子一

try
{
    f();
}
catch (const std::overflow_error& e)
{} // this executes if f() throws std::overflow_error (same type rule)
catch (const std::runtime_error& e)
{} // this executes if f() throws std::underflow_error (base class rule)
catch (const std::exception& e)
{} // this executes if f() throws std::logic_error (base class rule)
catch (...)
{} // this executes if f() throws std::string or int or any other unrelated type

例子二：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    try
    {
        std::cout << "Throwing an integer exception...\n";
        throw 42;
    }
    catch (int i)
    {
        std::cout << " the integer exception was caught, with value: " << i << '\n';
    }
 
    try
    {
        std::cout << "Creating a vector of size 5... \n";
        std::vector<int> v(5);
        std::cout << "Accessing the 11th element of the vector...\n";
        std::cout << v.at(10); // vector::at() throws std::out_of_range
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e) // caught by reference to base
    {
        std::cout << " a standard exception was caught, with message '"
                  << e.what() << "'\n";
    }
}