经济学原理基本知识-1

中文版：

1.供需定律: 市场上的价格和数量是由供应和需求的关系决定的。
2.边际效用: 增加一单位的消费或生产，对总效用或总收益的增加量。
3.成本效益分析: 决策者需要比较行动的成本和收益，以确定最优的决策。
4.机会成本: 放弃一项选择所带来的最高价值的折衷。
5.货币和通货膨胀: 货币的价值和通货膨胀率对经济活动产生重要影响。
6.国际贸易和全球化: 国际贸易和全球化对经济增长和就业产生了巨大影响。
7.政府干预: 政府的干预可以通过税收、补贴、管制和公共支出等手段影响市场。
8.市场失灵: 在某些情况下，市场可能无法实现最优结果，政府干预可能需要来矫正市场失灵。

英文版：

Law of supply and demand: The price and quantity in the market are determined by the relationship between supply and demand.

Marginal utility: The increase in total utility or total revenue from adding one unit of consumption or production.

Cost-benefit analysis: Decision-makers need to compare the costs and benefits of actions to determine the optimal decision.

Opportunity cost: The trade-off of giving up the highest value from one choice.

Money and inflation: The value of money and inflation rate have a significant impact on economic activity.

International trade and globalization: International trade and globalization have a huge impact on economic growth and employment.

Government intervention: Government intervention can influence the market through measures such as taxation, subsidies, regulation, and public spending.

Market failure: In some cases, the market may fail to achieve optimal results, and government intervention may be necessary to correct market failure.