一 简单使用
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename = ' log.txt ' , filemode = ' a ' , level = logging.NOTSET, format = ' %(asctime)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s ' )
logging.debug( ' this is a message ' )
logging.info( " this is a info " )
logging.disable( 30 ) # logging.WARNING
logging.warning( " this is a warnning " )
logging.critical( " this is a critical issue " )
logging.error( " this is a error " )
logging.addLevelName( 88 , " MyCustomError " )
logging.log( 88 , " this is an my custom error " )
try :
raise Exception( ' this is a exception ' )
except :
logging.exception( ' exception ' )
logging.shutdown()
TestLogBasic()
说明:(此实例为最简单的用法,用来将log记录到log文件中)
1)logging.basicConfig()中定义默认的log到log.txt,log文件为append模式,处理所有的level大于logging.NOTSET的logging,log的格式定义为'%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s';
2)使用logging.debug()...等来log相应level的log;
3)使用logging.disable()来disable某个logging level;
4)使用logging.addLevelName增加自定义的logging level;
5)使用logging.log来log自定义的logging level的log;
输出的text的log如下:
2011-01-18 10:02:45,415 - DEBUG: this is a message
2011-01-18 10:02:45,463 - INFO: this is a info
2011-01-18 10:02:45,463 - CRITICAL: this is a critical issue
2011-01-18 10:02:45,463 - ERROR: this is a error
2011-01-18 10:02:45,463 - MyCustomError: this is an my custom error
2011-01-18 10:02:45,463 - ERROR: exception
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "testlog.py", line 15, in TestLogBasic
raise Exception('this is a exception')
Exception: this is a exception
二 logging的level
# logging . NOTSET 0
# logging . DEBUG 10
# logging . INFO 20
# logging . WARNING 30
# logging . ERROR 40
# logging . CRITICAL 50
logging的level对应于一个int,例如10,20...用户可以自定义logging的level。
可以使用logging.setLevel()来指定要处理的logger级别,例如my_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)表示只处理logging的level大于10的logging。
三 Handlers
Handler定义了log的存储和显示方式。
NullHandler 不做任何事情。
StreamHandler实例发送错误到流(类似文件的对象)。
FileHandler实例发送错误到磁盘文件。
BaseRotatingHandler是所有轮徇日志的基类,不能直接使用。但是可以使用RotatingFileHandler和TimeRotatingFileHandler。
RotatingFileHandler实例发送信息到磁盘文件,并且限制最大的日志文件大小,并适时轮徇。
TimeRotatingFileHandler实例发送错误信息到磁盘,并在适当的事件间隔进行轮徇。
SocketHandler实例发送日志到TCP/IP socket。
DatagramHandler实例发送错误信息通过UDP协议。
SMTPHandler实例发送错误信息到特定的email地址。
SysLogHandler实例发送日志到UNIX syslog服务,并支持远程syslog服务。
NTEventLogHandler实例发送日志到WindowsNT/2000/XP事件日志。
MemoryHandler实例发送日志到内存中的缓冲区,并在达到特定条件时清空。
HTTPHandler实例发送错误信息到HTTP服务器,通过GET或POST方法。
NullHandler,StreamHandler和FileHandler类都是在核心logging模块中定义的。其他handler定义在各个子模块中,叫做logging.handlers。
当然还有一个logging.config模块提供了配置功能。
四 FileHandler + StreamHandler
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger( " simple " )
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# create file handler which logs even debug messages
fh = logging.FileHandler( " simple.log " )
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# create console handler with a higher log level
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
# create formatter and add it to the handlers
formatter = logging.Formatter( " %(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s " )
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
# add the handlers to logger
logger.addHandler(ch)
logger.addHandler(fh)
# "application" code
logger.debug( " debug message " )
logger.info( " info message " )
logger.warn( " warn message " )
logger.error( " error message " )
logger.critical( " critical message " )
TestHanderAndFormat()
说明:(此实例同时使用FileHandler和StreamHandler来实现同时将log写到文件和console)
1)使用logging.getLogger()来新建命名logger;
2)使用logging.FileHandler()来生成FileHandler来将log写入log文件,使用logger.addHandler()将handler与logger绑定;
3)使用logging.StreamHandler()来生成StreamHandler来将log写到console,使用logger.addHandler()将handler与logger绑定;
4)使用logging.Formatter()来构造log格式的实例,使用handler.setFormatter()来将formatter与handler绑定;
运行结果
simple.txt
2011-01-18 11:25:57,026 - simple - DEBUG - debug message
2011-01-18 11:25:57,072 - simple - INFO - info message
2011-01-18 11:25:57,072 - simple - WARNING - warn message
2011-01-18 11:25:57,072 - simple - ERROR - error message
2011-01-18 11:25:57,072 - simple - CRITICAL - critical message
console
2011-01-18 11:25:57,072 - simple - ERROR - error message
2011-01-18 11:25:57,072 - simple - CRITICAL - critical message
五 RotatingFileHandler
import glob
import logging
import logging.handlers
LOG_FILENAME = ' logging_rotatingfile_example.out '
# Set up a specific logger with our desired output level
my_logger = logging.getLogger( ' MyLogger ' )
my_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# Add the log message handler to the logger
handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(LOG_FILENAME, maxBytes = 20 , backupCount = 5 )
my_logger.addHandler(handler)
# Log some messages
for i in range( 20 ):
my_logger.debug( ' i = %d ' % i)
# See what files are created
logfiles = glob.glob( ' %s* ' % LOG_FILENAME)
for filename in logfiles:
print (filename)
TestRotating()
说明:
RotatingFileHandler指定了单个log文件的size的最大值和log文件的数量的最大值,如果文件大于最大值,将分割为多个文件,如果log文件的数量多于最多个数,最老的log文件将被删除。例如此例中最新的log总是在logging_rotatingfile_example.out,logging_rotatingfile_example.out.5中包含了最老的log。
运行结果:
logging_rotatingfile_example.out
logging_rotatingfile_example.out.1
logging_rotatingfile_example.out.2
logging_rotatingfile_example.out.3
logging_rotatingfile_example.out.4
logging_rotatingfile_example.out.5
六 使用fileConfig来使用logger
import logging.config
logging.config.fileConfig( " logging.conf " )
# create logger
logger = logging.getLogger( " simpleExample " )
# "application" code
logger.debug( " debug message " )
logger.info( " info message " )
logger.warn( " warn message " )
logger.error( " error message " )
logger.critical( " critical message " )
logging.conf文件如下:
keys = root,simpleExample
[handlers]
keys = consoleHandler
[formatters]
keys = simpleFormatter
[logger_root]
level = DEBUG
handlers = consoleHandler
[logger_simpleExample]
level = DEBUG
handlers = consoleHandler
qualname = simpleExample
propagate = 0
[handler_consoleHandler]
class = StreamHandler
level = DEBUG
formatter = simpleFormatter
args = (sys.stdout,)
[formatter_simpleFormatter]
format =% (asctime)s - % (name)s - % (levelname)s - % (message)s
datefmt =
运行结果:
2005-03-19 15:38:55,977 - simpleExample - DEBUG - debug message
2005-03-19 15:38:55,979 - simpleExample - INFO - info message
2005-03-19 15:38:56,054 - simpleExample - WARNING - warn message
2005-03-19 15:38:56,055 - simpleExample - ERROR - error message
2005-03-19 15:38:56,130 - simpleExample - CRITICAL - critical message
参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/yangze/archive/2010/12/21/1912377.html
完!