前几天我转载了一篇随笔《浅述WinForm多线程编程与Control.Invoke的应用》,有博友反映说问题没有说到点上,我在这里为此做一个解释:随笔是别人写的,我想尊重原创的意愿、所以我也没有那篇随笔做任何更改。 还有,那篇随笔更加侧重的是知识点,而不是实例。
步入正题.
为了解决窗体卡死的问题,我常用的是如下的两种策略:
1、就是前文提到的 多线程 + Invoke
2、BackgroundWorker 组件
策略1优点就是 较灵活、适用更广泛,几乎可以用于解决任意情况下窗体卡死;而其缺点:需要自己额外编写许多代码、相对于策略2较为不方便。
相对而言、我还是较青睐于策略2,毕竟方便嘛,可以少写一些Code了。
分享我自己写的一个封装了BackgroundWorker的小窗体:
窗体描述:
一个Lable 用于显示提示语。
一个Button用于取消后台操作。
一个ProgressBar 用于动态滚动,还有个Timer配合提示语使用。
当然以上 都是 纯属交互式设计的一些东东、没什么实际意义。
封装代码如下:
public
partial
class
FrmTipPrompt : Form
{
#region Field And Property
private Func < BackgroundWorker, DoWorkEventArgs, object > mDoWorkHandler;
private Action < RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs > mCompletedHandler;
private object mArgument;
private string mDialogTip;
private string mMsg;
private int mLen;
private RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs mCompletedResult;
/// <summary>
/// 只读
/// </summary>
public RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs CompletedResult
{
get { return mCompletedResult; }
}
public string Msg
{
get { return mMsg; }
}
#endregion
#region Construct
public FrmTipPrompt()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
#endregion
#region Public Method
public void SetParam(
Func < BackgroundWorker, DoWorkEventArgs, object > doWorkHandler,
Action < RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs > completedHandler,
object argument,
string strDialogTip)
{
this .mDoWorkHandler = doWorkHandler;
this .mCompletedHandler = completedHandler;
this .mArgument = argument;
if (strDialogTip == null )
{
this .mDialogTip = " 请稍后 " ;
}
else
{
this .mDialogTip = strDialogTip;
}
this .mLen = 1 ;
}
#endregion
#region Event Method
private void backWorker_DoWork( object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
if ( this .mDoWorkHandler != null )
{
e.Result = this .mDoWorkHandler( this .backWorker, e);
}
}
private void backWorker_ProgressChanged( object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
{
}
private void backWorker_RunWorkerCompleted( object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
this .mCompletedResult = e;
if ( this .mCompletedHandler != null )
{
this .mCompletedHandler(e);
}
this .DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK;
}
private void FrmTipPrompt_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this .timerTip.Enabled = true ;
this .timerTip.Interval = 500 ;
this .backWorker.RunWorkerAsync( this .mArgument);
this .btnCancel.Focus();
}
private void timerTip_Tick( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this .mLen ++ ;
this .mLen %= 6 ;
this .lblTip.Text = string .Format( " {0}{1} " , this .mDialogTip, new string ( char .Parse( " . " ), this .mLen));
}
private void btnCancel_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this .backWorker.CancelAsync();
}
private void FrmTipPrompt_FormClosing( object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
if (e.CloseReason == CloseReason.UserClosing)
{
this .backWorker.CancelAsync();
}
}
#endregion
}
{
#region Field And Property
private Func < BackgroundWorker, DoWorkEventArgs, object > mDoWorkHandler;
private Action < RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs > mCompletedHandler;
private object mArgument;
private string mDialogTip;
private string mMsg;
private int mLen;
private RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs mCompletedResult;
/// <summary>
/// 只读
/// </summary>
public RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs CompletedResult
{
get { return mCompletedResult; }
}
public string Msg
{
get { return mMsg; }
}
#endregion
#region Construct
public FrmTipPrompt()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
#endregion
#region Public Method
public void SetParam(
Func < BackgroundWorker, DoWorkEventArgs, object > doWorkHandler,
Action < RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs > completedHandler,
object argument,
string strDialogTip)
{
this .mDoWorkHandler = doWorkHandler;
this .mCompletedHandler = completedHandler;
this .mArgument = argument;
if (strDialogTip == null )
{
this .mDialogTip = " 请稍后 " ;
}
else
{
this .mDialogTip = strDialogTip;
}
this .mLen = 1 ;
}
#endregion
#region Event Method
private void backWorker_DoWork( object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
if ( this .mDoWorkHandler != null )
{
e.Result = this .mDoWorkHandler( this .backWorker, e);
}
}
private void backWorker_ProgressChanged( object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
{
}
private void backWorker_RunWorkerCompleted( object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
this .mCompletedResult = e;
if ( this .mCompletedHandler != null )
{
this .mCompletedHandler(e);
}
this .DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK;
}
private void FrmTipPrompt_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this .timerTip.Enabled = true ;
this .timerTip.Interval = 500 ;
this .backWorker.RunWorkerAsync( this .mArgument);
this .btnCancel.Focus();
}
private void timerTip_Tick( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this .mLen ++ ;
this .mLen %= 6 ;
this .lblTip.Text = string .Format( " {0}{1} " , this .mDialogTip, new string ( char .Parse( " . " ), this .mLen));
}
private void btnCancel_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this .backWorker.CancelAsync();
}
private void FrmTipPrompt_FormClosing( object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
if (e.CloseReason == CloseReason.UserClosing)
{
this .backWorker.CancelAsync();
}
}
#endregion
}
代码调用:以登录为例。
///
<summary>
/// 登录方法
/// 0:成功 -1:失败 1:取消登录 -2:联网登录用户名或密码错误 -3:网络异常 且 用户名或密码错误
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userLogin"> 用户名密码 </param>
/// <param name="strMsg">登录失败时的 错误信息 </param>
/// <returns> 返回登录结果 </returns>
public int Loading(UserLogin userLogin, ref string strMsg)
{
strMsg = "" ;
using (FrmTipPrompt frm = new FrmTipPrompt())
{
frm.Width = 375 ;
frm.SetParam( this .LoadingPrompt, userLogin, " 登录中 " );
frm.ShowDialog();
RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e = frm.CompletedResult;
strMsg = frm.Msg;
if (e.Cancelled || e.Result == null )
{
return 1 ;
}
int mLoginResult = 1 ;
if ( ! int .TryParse(e.Result.ToString(), out mLoginResult))
{
return 1 ;
}
return mLoginResult;
}
}
/// 登录方法
/// 0:成功 -1:失败 1:取消登录 -2:联网登录用户名或密码错误 -3:网络异常 且 用户名或密码错误
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userLogin"> 用户名密码 </param>
/// <param name="strMsg">登录失败时的 错误信息 </param>
/// <returns> 返回登录结果 </returns>
public int Loading(UserLogin userLogin, ref string strMsg)
{
strMsg = "" ;
using (FrmTipPrompt frm = new FrmTipPrompt())
{
frm.Width = 375 ;
frm.SetParam( this .LoadingPrompt, userLogin, " 登录中 " );
frm.ShowDialog();
RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e = frm.CompletedResult;
strMsg = frm.Msg;
if (e.Cancelled || e.Result == null )
{
return 1 ;
}
int mLoginResult = 1 ;
if ( ! int .TryParse(e.Result.ToString(), out mLoginResult))
{
return 1 ;
}
return mLoginResult;
}
}
由于代码比较简单 我就不再额外加注释喽。