RabbitMQ的初步使用与交换机

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-22 23:01:41 发布

water_java

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-22 23:01:41 发布

阅读量248

点赞数

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

分类专栏： RabbitMQ

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/water_java/article/details/104550702

RabbitMQ 专栏收录该内容

5 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文介绍RabbitMQ的基础使用，包括消息生产与消费流程，并深入解析四种交换机：Direct、Topic、Fanout及Headers的功能与应用场景，提供代码示例。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

RabbitMQ的初步使用

消息生产与消费
ConnectionFactory：获取连接工厂
Connection：一个链接
Channel：数据通信通道，课发送和接收消息
Queue：具体的消息存储队列
Producer ：生产者
Consumer：消费者

创建一个springboot项目
导入rabbitmq的pom依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.5</version>
</dependency>

消费者：

package com.hsl.rabbitmqapi.dome;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

/**
 * @author water
 * @site www.water.com
 * @company xxx公司
 * @create 2020-02-28 11:23
 */
public class Consumer{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.1.31");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4 声明（创建）一个队列
        String queueName = "test001";
//        参数：队列名称、持久化与否、独占与否、无消息队列是否自动删除、消息参数
//        queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete, Map<String, Object> arguments)
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);

        //5 创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);

        //6 设置Channel
//         参数：队列名称、自动签收、消费者回调
//        basicConsume(String queue, boolean autoAck, Consumer callback)
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);

        while(true){
            //7 获取消息（Delivery：传送）
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.err.println("接收到消息: " + msg);
            //Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
        }

    }

}

生产者：

package com.hsl.rabbitmqapi.dome;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

/**
 * @author water
 * @site www.water.com
 * @company xxx公司
 * @create 2020-02-28 11:24
 */
public class Procuder {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.1.31");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4 通过Channel发送数据
        for(int i=0; i < 5; i++){
            String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ!";
            //1 exchange   2 routingKey
            channel.basicPublish("", "test001", null, msg.getBytes());
        }

        //5 记得要关闭相关的连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }

}

启动生产者，没有任何效果

启动消费者后，再次启动生产者
在这里插入图片描述

交换机

在这里插入图片描述
交换机属性：
Name：交换机名称
Type：交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability：是否需要持久化，true为持久化
Auto Delete：当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后，自动删除该Exchange
Internal：当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认为False
Arguments：扩展参数，用于扩展AMQP协议，定制化使用

直流交换机

直连交换机Direct Exchange（完全匹配路由key）

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue

注意：Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange：default Exchange，所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定（binding）操作，消息传递时，RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃；

在这里插入图片描述
生产者：

package com.hsl.rabbitmqapi.exchang;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.1.31");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
//        String routingKey = "test.direct111"; //收不到
        //5 发送

        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4  Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());

    }
}

消费者：

package com.hsl.rabbitmqapi.exchang;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.1.31");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //自动重连
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "direct";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";

        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //建立一个绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到de消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

启动
在这里插入图片描述

主题交换机

主题交换机Topic Exchange（匹配路由规则的交换机）

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上；

Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定一个Topic；

注意：可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配
符号：“#” 匹配一个或者多个词
符号：“*” 匹配不多不少一个词
列如：
“log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”
“log.*” 能够匹配到 “log.err”

在这里插入图片描述
消费者：

package com.hsl.rabbitmqapi.exchang;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.1.31");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "topic";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "user.#";
//        String routingKey = "user.*";
        // 1 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        // 2 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        // 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到的消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产者：

package com.hsl.rabbitmqapi.exchang;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.1.31");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "user.save";
        String routingKey2 = "user.update";
        String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
        //5 发送

        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

启动：
在这里插入图片描述

输出交换机

输出交换机Fanout Exchange（不做路由）

不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上；
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上；
Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的

在这里插入图片描述
消费者：

package com.hsl.rabbitmqapi.exchang;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.1.31");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "fanout";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "";    //不设置路由键
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到de消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产者：

package com.hsl.rabbitmqapi.exchang;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.1.31");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        //5 发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

启动：
在这里插入图片描述

1,Binding-绑定
Exchange和Exchange、Queue之间的连接关系； Binding中可以包含RoutingKey或者参数
2,Queue-消息队列
消息队列，实际存储消息数据 Durability：是否持久化 Durable：是，Transient：否
Auto delete：如选yes，代表当最后一个监听被移除之后，该Queue会自动被删除
3,Message-消息
服务器和应用程序之间传递的数据本质上就是一段数据，由Properties和Payload（Body）组成,常用属性：delivery model、headers（自定义属性）
Message-其他属性
content_type、content_encoding、priority
correlation_id、reply_to、expiration、message_id
Timestamp、type、user_id、app_id、cluster_id

4,Virtual host-虚拟主机
虚拟地址，用于进行逻辑隔离，最上层的消息路由
一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue 同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue