bootloader---23.u-boot-2010.06-rc1移植之3nand flash移植

增加nand flash 特性

当可以正常启动serial可以显示之后，接下来移植nand flash

1. nand flash的初始化是在 arch/arm/lib/board.c中

1. arch/arm/lib/board.c 
   
2. start_armboot 
   
3. {
   
4.     #if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NAND)    
   
5.     puts ("NAND: ");
   
6.     nand_init();        /* go init the NAND */
   
7.     #endif
   
8. }

所以需要在include/configs/smdk2410.h中添加:   #define CONFIG_CMD_NAND   1

2.nand的初始化

1. 
   
2. #ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE_LIST
3. #define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE_LIST { CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE }
4. #endif
5. static ulong base_address[CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE] = CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE_LIST;
6. //base_address初始化为CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE
7. 所以需要在include/configs/smdk2410.h中添加: #define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE  0x4E000000
8. void nand_init(void)
9. {
   
10.     int i;
    
11.     unsigned int size = 0;
    
12.     for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE; i++) 
13.     { 
14. //CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE=1所以只需要进行一次nand_init_chip
15. //初始化nand的
16.         nand_init_chip(&nand_info[i], &nand_chip[i], base_address[i]);
17.         size += nand_info[i].size / 1024;
    
18.         if (nand_curr_device == -1)
    
19.             nand_curr_device = i;
    
20.     }
    
21.     printf("%u MiB\n", size / 1024);
22. }
23. 
    
24. 
    
25. 
    

3. driver/mtd/nand/nand.c L42

1. static void nand_init_chip(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_chip *nand,
   
2.              ulong base_addr)
   
3. {
   
4.     int maxchips = CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_CHIPS;
   
5.     int __attribute__((unused)) i = 0;
   
6. 
   
7.     if (maxchips < 1)
   
8.         maxchips = 1;
   
9.     mtd->priv = nand; //以后要用到nand来控制底层寄存器,这儿先保存起nand来,这个非常重要
   
10. 
    
11.     nand->IO_ADDR_R = nand->IO_ADDR_W = (void __iomem *)base_addr;//初始化读写指针为0x4E000000,以后真正读写时指针要改变
    
12.     if (board_nand_init(nand) == 0) { //board_nand_init寄存器纸别的初始化
13.         if (nand_scan(mtd, maxchips) == 0) { //
    
14.             if (!mtd->name)
    
15.                 mtd->name = (char *)default_nand_name;
    
16.         } else
17.             mtd->name = NULL;
    
18.     } else {
    
19.         mtd->name = NULL;
    
20.         mtd->size = 0;
    
21.     }
    
22. 
    
23. }

4. drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c

1. //
2. int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
   
3. {
   
4.     u_int32_t cfg;
   
5.     u_int32_t cnt;
   
6.     u_int8_t tacls, twrph0, twrph1;
   
7.     struct s3c2440_nand *nand_reg = s3c2440_get_base_nand();
   
8. 
   
9.     debugX(1, "board_nand_init()\n");
   
10. 
    
11.     /* initialize hardware */
12.     tacls = 0;
    
13.     twrph0 = 4;
    
14.     twrph1 = 2;
    
15. 
    
16.     cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(tacls);
    
17.     cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(twrph0);
    
18.     cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(twrph1);
    
19.     writel(cfg, &nand_reg->NFCONF);
    
20. 
    
21.     //NAND Flash control register
    
22.     //bit6: Lock spare ECC
    
23.     //bit4: Initialize ECC decoder/encoder
    
24.     //bit1: enable chip_select
    
25.     //bit0: nand_enable
    
26.     cnt =(1<<6)| (1<<4)|(0<<1)|(1<<0);
    
27.     writel(cnt, &nand_reg->NFCONT); //不仅需要配寄存器NFCONF,而且需要配寄存器NFCONT
    

      

      //以下初始化函数指针

1.     /* initialize nand_chip data structure */
   
2.     nand->IO_ADDR_R = nand->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&nand_reg->NFDATA;
   
3. 
   
4.     nand->select_chip = s3c2440_nand_select_chip;
   
5. 
   
6.     /* hwcontrol always must be implemented */
   
7.     nand->cmd_ctrl = s3c2440_hwcontrol;
   
8. 
   
9.     nand->dev_ready = s3c2440_dev_ready;
   
10. 
    
11.     nand->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT; //进行软件的ECC校验
    
12. 
    
13.     nand->options = 0; //BUS_WIDTH 8位
    
14. 
    
15.     debugX(1, "end of nand_init\n");
    
16. 
    
17.     return 0;
    
18. }

这儿调用了s3c2440_get_base_nand,需要在include/asm/arch-s3c24x0/s3c2410.h中添加这个函数

1. #define S3C24X0_NAND_BASE        0x4E000000
   
2. static inline struct s3c2440_nand *s3c2440_get_base_nand(void)
   
3. {
   
4.     return (struct s3c2440_nand *)S3C24X0_NAND_BASE;
   
5. }

同时 S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS等这几个宏跟手册上的位置不匹配,所以修改一下

1. #define S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(x)  ((x)<<12)
   
2. #define S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(x)  ((x)<<8)
   
3. #define S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(x)  ((x)<<4)
   
4. 
   
5. #define S3C2440_NFCONT_nCE      (1<<1)
   
6. #define S3C2440_NFCONT_MODE_DISABLE     (0<<0)
7. #define S3C2440_NFCONT_MODE_ENABLE     (1<<0)
   
8. 
   
9. #define S3C2440_NFSTAT_READY      (1<<0)
   
10. 
    
11. #define S3C2440_ADDR_NALE  0x0C
    
12. #define S3C2440_ADDR_NCLE  0x08

5. driver/mtd/nand/nand_base.c L3061

1. start_armboot-> nand_init->nand_init_chip
2. int nand_scan(struct mtd_info *mtd, int maxchips)
   
3. {
   
4.     int ret;
   
5.     ret = nand_scan_ident(mtd, maxchips);
   
6.     if (!ret)
   
7.         ret = nand_scan_tail(mtd);
   
8.     return ret;
   
9. }

6. driver/mtd/nand/nand_base.c    L2770

1. start_armboot-> nand_init->nand_init_chip->nand_scan
2. int nand_scan_ident(struct mtd_info *mtd, int maxchips)
   
3. {
   
4.     int i, busw, nand_maf_id;
   
5.     struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv; //函数nand_init_chip中保存的nand_chip结构体
6.     struct nand_flash_dev *type;
   
7. 
   
8.     /* Get buswidth to select the correct functions */
   
9.     busw = chip->options & NAND_BUSWIDTH_16;
   
10.     /* Set the default functions */
    
11.     nand_set_defaults(chip, busw); //对nand_chip结构体进一步初始化
    
12. 
    
13.     /* Read the flash type */
    
14.     type = nand_get_flash_type(mtd, chip, busw, &nand_maf_id);
    
15. 
    
16.     if (IS_ERR(type)) {
    
17. #ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_QUIET_TEST
    
18.         printk(KERN_WARNING "No NAND device found!!!\n");
    
19. #endif
    
20.         chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
    
21.         return PTR_ERR(type);
    
22.     }
    
23. 
    
24.     /* Check for a chip array */
    
25.     for (i = 1; i < maxchips; i++) {
    
26.         chip->select_chip(mtd, i);
    
27.         /* See comment in nand_get_flash_type for reset */
    
28.         chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_RESET, -1, -1);
    
29.         /* Send the command for reading device ID */
    
30.         chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READID, 0x00, -1);
    
31.         /* Read manufacturer and device IDs */
    
32.         if (nand_maf_id != chip->read_byte(mtd) ||
    
33.          type->id != chip->read_byte(mtd))
    
34.             break;
    
35.     }
    
36. #ifdef DEBUG
    
37.     if (i > 1)
    
38.         printk(KERN_INFO "%d NAND chips detected\n", i);
    
39. #endif
    
40. 
    
41.     /* Store the number of chips and calc total size for mtd */
    
42.     chip->numchips = i;
    
43.     mtd->size = i * chip->chipsize;
    
44. 
    
45.     return 0;
    
46. }

6. driver/mtd/nand/nand_base.c    L2555

1. start_armboot-> nand_init->nand_init_chip->nand_scan-->nand_scan_ident
2. //设置默认的函数指针
3. static void nand_set_defaults(struct nand_chip *chip, int busw)
   
4. {
   
5.     /* check for proper chip_delay setup, set 20us if not */
   
6.     if (!chip->chip_delay)
   
7.         chip->chip_delay = 20; //设置延时=20
   
8. 
   
9.     /* check, if a user supplied command function given */
   
10.     if (chip->cmdfunc == NULL)
    
11.         chip->cmdfunc = nand_command; //cmd_func=nand_command,以后就靠它发命令了
    
12. 
    
13.     /* check, if a user supplied wait function given */
    
14.     if (chip->waitfunc == NULL)
    
15.         chip->waitfunc = nand_wait; //nand_wait
    
16. 
    
17.     if (!chip->select_chip)
    
18.         chip->select_chip = nand_select_chip; //不进入
    
19.     if (!chip->read_byte)
    
20.         chip->read_byte = busw ? nand_read_byte16 : nand_read_byte; //read_byte=nand_read_byte
    
21.     if (!chip->read_word)
    
22.         chip->read_word = nand_read_word; //read_word=nand_read_word
    
23.     if (!chip->block_bad)
    
24.         chip->block_bad = nand_block_bad;
    
25.     if (!chip->block_markbad)
    
26.         chip->block_markbad = nand_default_block_markbad;
    
27.     if (!chip->write_buf)
    
28.         chip->write_buf = busw ? nand_write_buf16 : nand_write_buf;
    
29.     if (!chip->read_buf)
    
30.         chip->read_buf = busw ? nand_read_buf16 : nand_read_buf;
    
31.     if (!chip->verify_buf)
    
32.         chip->verify_buf = busw ? nand_verify_buf16 : nand_verify_buf;
    
33.     if (!chip->scan_bbt)
    
34.         chip->scan_bbt = nand_default_bbt;
    
35. 
    
36.     if (!chip->controller) {
    
37.         chip->controller = &chip->hwcontrol;
    
38. 
    
39.         /* XXX U-BOOT XXX */
    
40. #if 0
    
41.         spin_lock_init(&chip->controller->lock);
    
42.         init_waitqueue_head(&chip->controller->wq);
    
43. #endif
    
44.     }
    
45. 
    
46. }

7.  driver/mtd/nand/nand_base.c    L2603

1. /*
   
2.  * Get the flash and manufacturer id and lookup if the type is supported
   
3.  */
   
4. static struct nand_flash_dev *nand_get_flash_type(struct mtd_info *mtd,                          struct nand_chip *chip, int busw, int *maf_id)
5. {
   
6.     struct nand_flash_dev *type = NULL;
   
7.     int i, dev_id, maf_idx;
   
8.     int tmp_id, tmp_manf;
   

      //以下是读取设备ID的过程:参见K9F2G08U0B的datasheet

      //1. 发送命令0x90   2.发送地址0x00  3.读取第一个字节为manufacturer 第二个字节为DEV_ID  

1.     /* Select the device: 设置NFCONT D1=0 */
   
2.     chip->select_chip(mtd, 0);
   
3. 
   
4.     /*
   
5.      * Reset the chip, required by some chips (e.g. Micron MT29FxGxxxxx)
   
6.      * after power-up
   
7.      */
   
8.     //调用nand_command-->s3c2440_hwcontrol向nandflash的NFCMMD寄存器发送0xFF(RESET指令)
9.     chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_RESET, -1, -1);
   
10. 
    
11.     /* Send the command for reading device ID */
    
12.     //1. 发送命令0x90   2.发送地址0x00    
13.     chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READID, 0x00, -1);
    
14. 
    
15.     /* Read manufacturer and device IDs */
    
16.     //返回的第一个字节为0xEC 第二个字节为0xDA
17.     *maf_id = chip->read_byte(mtd);
    
18.     dev_id = chip->read_byte(mtd);
    
19. 
    
20.     /* Try again to make sure, as some systems the bus-hold or other
    
21.      * interface concerns can cause random data which looks like a
    
22.      * possibly credible NAND flash to appear. If the two results do
    
23.      * not match, ignore the device completely.
    
24.      */
    
25.      //重新读取,验证第一次读取的结果是正确的
26.     chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READID, 0x00, -1);
    
27. 
    
28.     /* Read manufacturer and device IDs */
    
29. 
    
30.     tmp_manf = chip->read_byte(mtd);
    
31.     tmp_id = chip->read_byte(mtd);
    
32. 
    
33.     if (tmp_manf != *maf_id || tmp_id != dev_id) {
    
34.         printk(KERN_INFO "%s: second ID read did not match "
    
35.          "%02x,%02x against %02x,%02x\n", __func__,
    
36.          *maf_id, dev_id, tmp_manf, tmp_id);
    
37.         return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
    
38.     }
    
39.     //从nand_flash_ids表中查找 id=0xDA的项
40.     //   name                      id   pagesize chipsize erasesize options
41.     //  {"NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xDA, 0,        256,     0,       LP_OPTIONS},
42.     /* Lookup the flash id */
    
43.     for (i = 0; nand_flash_ids[i].name != NULL; i++) {
    
44.         if (dev_id == nand_flash_ids[i].id) {
    
45.             type = &nand_flash_ids[i];
    
46.             break;
    
47.         }
    
48.     }
    
49. 
    
50.     if (!type)
    
51.         return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
    
52. 
    
53.     if (!mtd->name)
    
54.         mtd->name = type->name;
    
55. 
    
56.     //设定chipsize=256M=256<<20
57.     chip->chipsize = (uint64_t)type->chipsize << 20;
    
58. 
    
59.     /* Newer devices have all the information in additional id bytes */
    
60.     if (!type->pagesize) {
    
61. //根据K9F2G08U0B的datasheet P29
62.         int extid;
    
63.         /* The 3rd id byte holds MLC / multichip data */
    
64.         chip->cellinfo = chip->read_byte(mtd); //cellinfo=0x10
    
65.         /* The 4th id byte is the important one */
    
66.         extid = chip->read_byte(mtd); //extid=0x95
    
67.         /* Calc pagesize ,extid的D0-D1是pagesize*/
    
68.         mtd->writesize = 1024 << (extid & 0x3);
    
69.         extid >>= 2;
    
70.         /* Calc oobsize  extid的D2位的单位是byte/512byte,所以求oob,需要乘pagesize/512 */
    
71.         mtd->oobsize = (8 << (extid & 0x01)) * (mtd->writesize >> 9);
    
72.         extid >>= 2;
    
73.         /* Calc blocksize. Blocksize is multiples of 64KiB, 求block_size, exit的D4-D5位是1的话对应128K的block_size*/
    
74.         mtd->erasesize = (64 * 1024) << (extid & 0x03);
    
75.         extid >>= 2;
    
76.         /* Get buswidth information: extid的D6位是buswidth 0--8位的buswidth */
    
77.         busw = (extid & 0x01) ? NAND_BUSWIDTH_16 : 0;
    
78. 
    
79.     } else {
    
80.         /*
    
81.          * Old devices have chip data hardcoded in the device id table
    
82.          */
    
83.         mtd->erasesize = type->erasesize;
    
84.         mtd->writesize = type->pagesize;
    
85.         mtd->oobsize = mtd->writesize / 32;
    
86.         busw = type->options & NAND_BUSWIDTH_16;
    
87.     }
    
88. 
    
89.     /* Try to identify manufacturer */
    
90.     for (maf_idx = 0; nand_manuf_ids[maf_idx].id != 0x0; maf_idx++) {
    
91.         if (nand_manuf_ids[maf_idx].id == *maf_id)
    
92.             break;
    
93.     }
    
94. 
    
95.     /*
    
96.      * Check, if buswidth is correct. Hardware drivers should set
    
97.      * chip correct !
    
98.      */
    
99.     if (busw != (chip->options & NAND_BUSWIDTH_16)) {
    
100.         printk(KERN_INFO "NAND device: Manufacturer ID:"
     
101.          " 0x%02x, Chip ID: 0x%02x (%s %s)\n", *maf_id,
     
102.          dev_id, nand_manuf_ids[maf_idx].name, mtd->name);
     
103.         printk(KERN_WARNING "NAND bus width %d instead %d bit\n",
     
104.          (chip->options & NAND_BUSWIDTH_16) ? 16 : 8,
     
105.          busw ? 16 : 8);
     
106.         return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
     
107.     }
     
108. 
     
109.     /* Calculate the address shift from the page size */
     
110.     chip->page_shift = ffs(mtd->writesize) - 1;
     
111.     /* Convert chipsize to number of pages per chip -1. */
     
112.     chip->pagemask = (chip->chipsize >> chip->page_shift) - 1;
     
113. 
     
114.     chip->bbt_erase_shift = chip->phys_erase_shift =
     
115.         ffs(mtd->erasesize) - 1;
     
116.     if (chip->chipsize & 0xffffffff)
     
117.         chip->chip_shift = ffs((unsigned)chip->chipsize) - 1;
     
118.     else
     
119.         chip->chip_shift = ffs((unsigned)(chip->chipsize >> 32)) + 31;
     
120. 
     
121.     /* Set the bad block position */
     
122.     chip->badblockpos = mtd->writesize > 512 ?
     
123.         NAND_LARGE_BADBLOCK_POS : NAND_SMALL_BADBLOCK_POS;
     
124. 
     
125.     /* Get chip options, preserve non chip based options */
     
126.     chip->options &= ~NAND_CHIPOPTIONS_MSK;
     
127.     chip->options |= type->options & NAND_CHIPOPTIONS_MSK;
     
128. 
     
129.     /*
     
130.      * Set chip as a default. Board drivers can override it, if necessary
     
131.      */
     
132.     chip->options |= NAND_NO_AUTOINCR;
     
133. 
     
134.     /* Check if chip is a not a samsung device. Do not clear the
     
135.      * options for chips which are not having an extended id.
     
136.      */
     
137.     if (*maf_id != NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG && !type->pagesize)
     
138.         chip->options &= ~NAND_SAMSUNG_LP_OPTIONS;
     
139. 
     
140.     /* Check for AND chips with 4 page planes */
     
141.     if (chip->options & NAND_4PAGE_ARRAY)
     
142.         chip->erase_cmd = multi_erase_cmd;
     
143.     else
     
144.         chip->erase_cmd = single_erase_cmd;
     
145. 
     
146.     /* Do not replace user supplied command function ! */
     
147.     if (mtd->writesize > 512 && chip->cmdfunc == nand_command)
     
148.         chip->cmdfunc = nand_command_lp;
     
149. 
     
150.     MTDDEBUG (MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL0, "NAND device: Manufacturer ID:"
     
151.      " 0x%02x, Chip ID: 0x%02x (%s %s)\n", *maf_id, dev_id,
     
152.      nand_manuf_ids[maf_idx].name, type->name);
     
153. 
     
154.     return type;
     
155. }

2. 在include/configs/smdk2410.h中添加

#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND    1

#define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE   1

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE     0x4E000000

3.start_armboot--> nand_init 在driver/mtd/nand/nand.c中

nand_init-->nand_init_chip-->board_nand_init

4. board_nand_init函数在driver/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c中

不过这需要在 include/configs/smdk2410.h中添加

#define CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410 1

5.删除多余的文件

root@ubuntu:~/u-boot-2010.06-rc1/drivers/mtd/nand# rm atmel_nand.c bfin_nand.c davinci_nand.c fsl_elbc_nand.c fsl_upm.c kb9202_nand.c kirkwood_nand.c kmeter1_nand.c mpc5121_nfc.c mxc_nand.c ndfc.c nomadik.c  s3c64xx.c spr_nand.c omap_gpmc.c nand_plat.c 

同时在driver/mtd/nand/Makefile中删除多余的东东，不删也没有关系。

root@ubuntu:~/uboot/u-boot-2010.06-rc1# vi drivers/mtd/nand/Makefile 

6. 这里候就可以编译通过了，不过打印的是

DRAM:  64 MiB

Flash: 512 KiB

NAND:  No NAND device found!!!

0 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

7. 修改一下driver/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c中的board_nand_init函数

a.将driver/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c中所有的2410替换为2440

8. 在include/asm/arch-s3c24x0/s3c2410.h中添加

#define S3C24X0_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000

static inline struct s3c2440_nand *s3c2440_get_base_nand(void)

{

return (struct s3c2440_nand *)S3C24X0_NAND_BASE;

}

9. 在driver/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c中

1. int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
   
2. {
   
3.     u_int32_t cfg;
   
4.     u_int32_t cnt;
   
5.     u_int8_t tacls, twrph0, twrph1;
   
6.     struct s3c2440_nand *nand_reg = s3c2440_get_base_nand();
   
7. 
   
8.     debugX(1, "board_nand_init()\n");
   
9. 
   
10.     //writel(readl(&clk_power->CLKCON) | (1 << 4), &clk_power->CLKCON);
    
11. 
    
12.     /* initialize hardware */
    
13.     tacls = 0;
    
14.     twrph0 = 4;
    
15.     twrph1 = 2;
    
16. 
    
17.     cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(tacls);
    
18.     cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(twrph0);
    
19.     cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(twrph1);
    
20.     writel(cfg, &nand_reg->NFCONF);
    
21. 
    
22.     //NAND Flash control register
    
23.     //bit6: Lock spare ECC
    
24.     //bit4: Initialize ECC decoder/encoder
    
25.     //bit1: enable chip_select
    
26.     //bit0: nand_enable
    
27.     cnt =(1<<6)| (1<<4)|(0<<1)|(1<<0);
    
28.     writel(cnt, &nand_reg->NFCONT);
    
29. 
    
30.     /* initialize nand_chip data structure */
    
31.     nand->IO_ADDR_R = nand->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&nand_reg->NFDATA;
    
32. 
    
33.     nand->select_chip = s3c2440_nand_select_chip;
    
34. 
    
35.     /* hwcontrol always must be implemented */
    
36.     nand->cmd_ctrl = s3c2440_hwcontrol;
    
37. 
    
38.     nand->dev_ready = s3c2440_dev_ready;
    
39. 
    
40.     nand->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;
    
41. 
    
42.     nand->options = 0;
    
43. 
    
44.     debugX(1, "end of nand_init\n");
    
45. 
    
46.     return 0;
    
47. }