设备驱动中的mutex(kernel-4.7)

互斥锁主要用于实现内核中的互斥访问功能。内核互斥锁是在原子 API 之上实现的，但这对于内核用户是不可见的。对它的访问必须遵循一些规则：同一时间只能有一个任务持有互斥锁，而且只有这个任务可以对互斥锁进行解锁。互斥锁不能进行递归锁定或解锁。一个互斥锁对象必须通过其API初始化，而不能使用memset或复制初始化。一个任务在持有互斥锁的时候是不能结束的。互斥锁所使用的内存区域是不能被释放的。使用中的互斥锁是不能被重新初始化的。并且互斥锁不能用于中断上下文。但是互斥锁比当前的内核信号量选项更快，并且更加紧凑，因此能够满足互斥访问的功能的需求。

Linux内核互斥锁mutex结构体定义在include/linux/mutex.c中

/*
 * Simple, straightforward mutexes with strict semantics:
 *
 * - only one task can hold the mutex at a time
 * - only the owner can unlock the mutex
 * - multiple unlocks are not permitted
 * - recursive locking is not permitted
 * - a mutex object must be initialized via the API
 * - a mutex object must not be initialized via memset or copying
 * - task may not exit with mutex held
 * - memory areas where held locks reside must not be freed
 * - held mutexes must not be reinitialized
 * - mutexes may not be used in hardware or software interrupt
 *   contexts such as tasklets and timers
 *
 * These semantics are fully enforced when DEBUG_MUTEXES is
 * enabled. Furthermore, besides enforcing the above rules, the mutex
 * debugging code also implements a number of additional features
 * that make lock debugging easier and faster:
 *
 * - uses symbolic names of mutexes, whenever they are printed in debug output
 * - point-of-acquire tracking, symbolic lookup of function names
 * - list of all locks held in the system, printout of them
 * - owner tracking
 * - detects self-recursing locks and prints out all relevant info
 * - detects multi-task circular deadlocks and prints out all affected
 *   locks and tasks (and only those tasks)
 */
struct mutex {
    /* 1: unlocked, 0: locked, negative: locked, possible waiters */
    atomic_t        count;    //指示互斥锁的状态：
    spinlock_t      wait_lock;   //等待获取互斥锁中使用的自旋锁。在获取互斥锁的过程中，操作会在自旋锁的保护中进行。初始化为为锁定。

    struct list_head    wait_list;   //等待互斥锁的进程队列。
#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES) || defined(CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER)
    struct task_struct  *owner;
#end