1.hex文件格式详解
Hex文件是可以烧录到MCU中，被MCU执行的一种文件格式。如果用记事本打开可发现，整个文件以行为单位，每行以冒号开头，内容全部为16进制码（以ASCII码形式显示）。Hex文件可以按照如下的方式进行拆分来分析其中的内容：
例如 “:1000080080318B1E0828092820280B1D0C280D2854”可以被看作“0x10 0x00 0x08 0x00 0x80 0x31 0x8B 0x1E 0x08 0x28 0x09 0x28 0x20 0x28 0x0B 0x1D 0x0C 0x28 0x0D 0x28 0x54”
第一个字节 0x10表示本行数据的长度；
第二、三字节 0x00 0x08表示本行数据的起始地址；
第四字节 0x00表示数据类型，数据类型有：0x00、0x01、0x02、0x03、0x04、0x05。
‘00’ Data Rrecord：用来记录数据，HEX文件的大部分记录都是数据记录
‘01’ End of File Record: 用来标识文件结束，放在文件的最后，标识HEX文件的结尾
‘02’ Extended Segment Address Record: 用来标识扩展段地址的记录
‘03’ Start Segment Address Record:开始段地址记录
‘04’ Extended Linear Address Record: 用来标识扩展线性地址的记录
‘05’ Start Linear Address Record:开始线性地址记录
然后是数据，最后一个字节 0x54为校验和。
校验和的算法为：计算0x54前所有16进制码的累加和(不计进位)，检验和 = 0x100 - 累加和
在上面的后2种记录，都是用来提供地址信息的。每次碰到这2个记录的时候，都可以根据记录计算出一个“基”地址。对于后面的数据记录，计算地址的时候，都是以这些“基”地址为基础的。
HEX文件都是由记录（RECORD）组成的。在HEX文件里面，每一行代表一个记录。记录的基本格式为：
Record mark ‘:’ 1 byte
Length 1 byte
Load offset 2 bytes
Record type 1 byte
INFO or DATA n bytes
CHKSUM 1byte
看个例子：
:020000040008F2
:10000400FF00A0E314209FE5001092E5011092E5A3
:00000001FF
对上面的HEX文件进行分析：
第1条记录的长度为02，LOAD OFFSET为0000，RECTYPE为04，说明该记录为扩展段地址记录。数据为0008，校验和为F2。从这个记录的长度和数据，我们可以计算出一个基地址，这个地址为(0x0008 << 16)。后面的数据记录都以这个地址为基地址。
第2条记录的长度为10（16），LOAD OFFSET为0004，RECTYPE为00，说明该记录为数据记录。数据为FF00A0E314209FE5001092E5011092E5，共16个BYTE。这个记录的校验和为A3。此时的基地址为0X80000，加上OFFSET，这个记录里的16BYTE的数据的起始地址就是0x80000 + 0x0004 = 0x80004.
第3条记录的长度为00，LOAD OFFSET为0000，TYPE ＝ 01，校验和为FF。说明这个是一个END OF FILE RECORD，标识文件的结尾。
在上面这个例子里，实际的数据只有16个BYTE：FF00A0E314209FE5001092E5011092E5，其起始地址为0x0004.
2.参考代码
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
typedef struct {
unsigned int file_size;
unsigned int start_addr;
unsigned int end_addr;
FILE *file_in, *file_out;
} update_file_info, * p_update_file_info;
update_file_info g_update_ecu_file_info;
#define MAX_LINE_SIZE 1024
#define MAX_EXTENSION_SIZE 16
#define MAX_FILE_NAME_SIZE 260
typedef char filetype[MAX_FILE_NAME_SIZE];
#define NO_ADDRESS_TYPE_SELECTED 0
#define LINEAR_ADDRESS 1
#define SEGMENTED_ADDRESS 2
void get_line(char* str, FILE *in)
{
char *result;
result = fgets(str, MAX_LINE_SIZE, in);
if ((NULL == result) && !feof (in))
printf("Error occurred while reading from file\n");
}
void put_extension(char *file_name, char *extension)
{
/* location of period in file name */
char *Period;
int ret = -1;
/*find '.': the last postion*/
if (NULL != (Period = strrchr(file_name,'.')))
*(Period) = '\0';
if (strcmp(extension, Period + 1) == 0)
ret = 0;
strcat(file_name, ".");
strcat(file_name, extension);
}
void hex_to_bin(char *path)
{
unsigned int i;
int ret;
/*记录行数*/
unsigned int record_line = 0;
unsigned char *memory_block = NULL;
unsigned int max_data_length;
/*line content*/
unsigned int data_length;
unsigned int address;
unsigned int type;
char *p_data = NULL;
unsigned int check_sum;
unsigned int phys_addr;
unsigned int seg_lin_select = NO_ADDRESS_TYPE_SELECTED;
/*线性基地址*/
unsigned int upper_address;
unsigned int segment;
unsigned int temp2;
/* cmd-line parameter # */
char *p;
/*line inputted from file*/
char *p_line = NULL;
char extension[MAX_EXTENSION_SIZE] = {0};
filetype filename;
g_update_ecu_file_info.start_addr = (unsigned int)(-1);
g_update_ecu_file_info.end_addr = 0;
p_line = (char *)malloc(MAX_LINE_SIZE * sizeof(char));
if (NULL == p_line)
printf("malloc line buffer error. \n");
p_data = (char *)malloc(MAX_LINE_SIZE * sizeof(char));
if (NULL == p_data)
printf("malloc data buffer error. \n");
/* default is for binary file extension */
strncpy(extension, "bin", sizeof(extension));
/* get filename */
if (strlen(path) < MAX_FILE_NAME_SIZE) {
strcpy(filename, path);
} else {
printf("filename length exceeds %d characters.\n", MAX_FILE_NAME_SIZE);
}
/* Just a normal file name */
g_update_ecu_file_info.file_in = fopen(filename, "r");
put_extension(filename, extension);
g_update_ecu_file_info.file_out = fopen(filename,"wb");
/**************process 1: deal with addess infomation*/
/*get highest and lowest addresses so that we can allocate the right size*/
do {
/* Read a line from input file. */
get_line(p_line, g_update_ecu_file_info.file_in);
record_line++;
/* Remove carriage return/line feed at the end of line. */
i = strlen(p_line);
if (--i != 0) {
if (p_line[i] == '\n')
p_line[i] = '\0';
ret = sscanf(p_line, ":%2x%4x%2x%s",&data_length, &address, &type, p_data);
if (4 != ret)
printf("Error in line %d of hex file\n", record_line);
/*行内容：data段的起始位置*/
p = (char *)p_data;
/* If we're reading the last record, ignore it. */
switch (type) {
/* Data record */
case 0:
if (0 == data_length)
break;
if (SEGMENTED_ADDRESS == seg_lin_select) {
phys_addr = (segment << 4) + address;
} else {
/* LINEAR_ADDRESS or NO_ADDRESS_TYPE_SELECTED
Upper_Address = 0 as specified in the Intel spec. until an extended address
record is read. */
phys_addr = ((upper_address << 16) + address);
}
if (g_update_ecu_file_info.start_addr > phys_addr)
g_update_ecu_file_info.start_addr = phys_addr;
phys_addr = phys_addr + data_length - 1;
if (g_update_ecu_file_info.end_addr < phys_addr)
g_update_ecu_file_info.end_addr = phys_addr;
break;
case 1:
// printf("End of File record\n");
// printf("extended linear address record %d\n", record_line);
break;
case 2:
/* First extended segment address record ? */
if (NO_ADDRESS_TYPE_SELECTED == seg_lin_select) {
seg_lin_select = SEGMENTED_ADDRESS;
}
if (SEGMENTED_ADDRESS == seg_lin_select) {
ret = sscanf(p, "%4x%2x",&segment, &check_sum);
if (2 != ret)
printf("Error in line %d of hex file\n", record_line);
// printf("Extended Segment Address record: %04X\n", segment);
/* Update the current address. */
phys_addr = (segment << 4);
} else {
printf("Ignored extended linear address record %d\n", record_line);
}
// printf("extended linear address record %d\n", record_line);
break;
case 3:
// printf("Start Segment Address record: ignored\n");
break;
case 4:
/* First extended linear address record ? */
if (NO_ADDRESS_TYPE_SELECTED == seg_lin_select)
seg_lin_select = LINEAR_ADDRESS;
if (LINEAR_ADDRESS == seg_lin_select) {
ret = sscanf(p, "%4x%2x", &upper_address, &check_sum);
if (2 != ret)
printf("Error in line %d of hex file\n", record_line);
// printf("Extended Linear Address record: %04X\n", address);
/* Update the current address. */
phys_addr = (upper_address << 16);
// printf("Physical Address: %08X\n",phys_addr);
} else {
printf("Ignored extended segment address record %d\n", record_line);
}
// printf("extended segment address record %d\n", record_line);
break;
case 5:
// printf("Start Linear Address record: ignored\n");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
} while (!feof(g_update_ecu_file_info.file_in));
/*calc the data size*/
max_data_length = g_update_ecu_file_info.end_addr - g_update_ecu_file_info.start_addr + 1;
g_update_ecu_file_info.file_size = max_data_length;
printf("start addr:0x%08x\n", g_update_ecu_file_info.start_addr);
printf("end addr:0x%08x\n", g_update_ecu_file_info.end_addr);
printf("data size: %d Bytes\n", g_update_ecu_file_info.file_size);
memory_block = (unsigned char *)malloc(max_data_length * sizeof(unsigned char));
if (NULL == memory_block)
printf("malloc memory_block buffer error. \n");
memset (memory_block, 0xFF, max_data_length);
/*********process 2: deal with data infomation*/
segment = 0;
upper_address = 0;
record_line = 0;
/*init file inner pointer*/
rewind(g_update_ecu_file_info.file_in);
/* Read the file & process the lines. */
/* repeat until EOF(Filin) */
do {
/* Read a line from input file. */
get_line(p_line, g_update_ecu_file_info.file_in);
record_line++;
i = strlen(p_line);
if (--i != 0) {
if (p_line[i] == '\n')
p_line[i] = '\0';
ret = sscanf(p_line, ":%2x%4x%2x%s",&data_length, &address, &type, p_data);
if (4 != ret)
printf("Error in line %d of hex file\n", record_line);
check_sum = data_length + (address >> 8) + (address & 0xFF) + type;
/*行内容：data段的起始位置*/
p = (char *)p_data;
/* If we're reading the last record, ignore it. */
switch (type) {
/* Data record */
case 0:
if (0 == data_length) {
printf("0 byte length Data record ignored\n");
break;
}
if (SEGMENTED_ADDRESS == seg_lin_select) {
phys_addr = (segment << 4) + address;
} else {
/* LINEAR_ADDRESS or NO_ADDRESS_TYPE_SELECTED
Upper_Address = 0 as specified in the Intel spec. until an extended address
record is read. */
phys_addr = ((upper_address << 16) + address);
}
/* Check that the physical address stays in the buffer's range. */
if ((phys_addr >= g_update_ecu_file_info.start_addr) &&
(phys_addr <= g_update_ecu_file_info.end_addr)) {
/* The memory block begins at Lowest_Address */
phys_addr -= g_update_ecu_file_info.start_addr;
/* Check that the physical address stays in the buffer's range. */
if (phys_addr < g_update_ecu_file_info.file_size)
/*save data*/
do {
ret = sscanf(p, "%2x", &temp2);
if (1 != ret)
printf("ReadDataBytes: error in line %d of hex file\n", record_line);
p += 2;
memory_block[phys_addr++] = temp2;
check_sum = (check_sum + temp2) & 0xFF;
} while (--data_length != 0);
else
printf("Overlapped record detected\n");
/* Read the Checksum value. */
ret = sscanf(p, "%2x",&temp2);
if (1 != ret)
printf("Error in line %d of hex file\n", record_line);
/* Verify Checksum value. */
check_sum = (check_sum + temp2) & 0xFF;
if (0 != check_sum)
printf("Checksum error in record %d: should be %02X\n", record_line, (256 - check_sum) & 0xFF);
} else {
if (SEGMENTED_ADDRESS == seg_lin_select)
printf("Data record skipped at %4X:%4X\n", segment, address);
else
printf("Data record skipped at %8X\n", phys_addr);
}
break;
/* End of file record */
case 1:
/* Simply ignore checksum errors in this line. */
break;
/* Extended segment address record */
case 2:
/* First_Word contains the offset. It's supposed to be 0000 so
we ignore it. */
/* First extended segment address record ? */
if (NO_ADDRESS_TYPE_SELECTED == seg_lin_select) {
seg_lin_select = SEGMENTED_ADDRESS;
}
/* Then ignore subsequent extended linear address records */
if (SEGMENTED_ADDRESS == seg_lin_select) {
ret = sscanf(p, "%4x%2x",&segment, &temp2);
if (2 != ret)
printf("Error in line %d of hex file\n", record_line);
// printf("Extended Segment Address record: %04X\n", segment);
/* Update the current address. */
phys_addr = (segment << 4);
/* Verify Checksum value. */
check_sum = (check_sum + (segment >> 8) +
(segment & 0xFF) + temp2) & 0xFF;
if (0 != check_sum)
printf("Checksum error in record %d: should be %02X\n", record_line,
(256 - check_sum) & 0xFF);
}
break;
/* Start segment address record */
case 3:
/* Nothing to be done since it's for specifying the starting address for
execution of the binary code */
break;
/* Extended linear address record */
case 4:
/* First extended linear address record ? */
if (NO_ADDRESS_TYPE_SELECTED == seg_lin_select)
seg_lin_select = LINEAR_ADDRESS;
if (LINEAR_ADDRESS == seg_lin_select) {
ret = sscanf(p, "%4x%2x", &upper_address, &temp2);
if (2 != ret)
printf("Error in line %d of hex file\n", record_line);
// printf("Extended Linear Address record: %04X\n", address);
/* Update the current address. */
phys_addr = (upper_address << 16);
/* Verify Checksum value. */
check_sum = (check_sum + (upper_address >> 8) +
(upper_address & 0xFF) + temp2) & 0xFF;
if (0 != check_sum)
printf("Checksum error in record %d: should be %02X\n", record_line,
(256 - check_sum) & 0xFF);
}
break;
/* Start linear address record */
case 5:
/* Nothing to be done since it's for specifying the starting address for
execution of the binary code */
break;
default:
printf("Unknown record type\n");
break;
}
}
}while (!feof(g_update_ecu_file_info.file_in));
/*write binary file*/
fwrite (memory_block, g_update_ecu_file_info.file_size, 1, g_update_ecu_file_info.file_out);
fflush(g_update_ecu_file_info.file_out);
fclose(g_update_ecu_file_info.file_in);
fclose(g_update_ecu_file_info.file_out);
free(memory_block);
memory_block = NULL;
free(p_line);
p_line = NULL;
free(p_data);
p_data = NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
hex_to_bin(argv[argc-1]);
return 0;
}
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