Tensorflow基础之变量/随机/会话

本文介绍如何在TensorFlow中创建和初始化变量,包括使用tf.Variable、tf.random_normal及tf.random_uniform等函数。同时,讲解了如何通过tf.Session进行会话管理,以运行和获取变量值。

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(一)创建数据

(二)创建变量

1、tf.Variable变量

tf.Variable(initializer,name) 参数initializer是初始化参数,name是可自定义的变量名称

v0 = tf.Variable(0, name='v0')
v1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape=[4,3],mean=0,stddev=1),name='v1')
v2 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(2),name='v2')
v3 = tf.Variable(tf.ones([4,3]),name='v3')

2、tf.random_uniform随机分布

从均匀分布中输出随机值。

生成的值在该 [minval, maxval) 范围内遵循均匀分布。下限 minval 包含在范围内,而上限 maxval 被排除在外。

对于浮点数,默认范围是 [0, 1)。对于整数,至少 maxval 必须明确地指定。

在整数情况下,随机整数稍有偏差,除非 maxval - minval 是 2 的精确幂。对于maxval - minval 的值,偏差很小,明显小于输出(2**32 或者 2**64)的范围。

参数:

  • shape:一维整数张量或 Python 数组。输出张量的形状。
  • minval:dtype 类型的 0-D 张量或 Python 值;生成的随机值范围的下限;默认为0。
  • maxval:dtype 类型的 0-D 张量或 Python 值。要生成的随机值范围的上限。如果 dtype 是浮点,则默认为1 。
  • dtype:输出的类型:float16、float32、float64、int32、orint64。
  • seed:一个 Python 整数。用于为分布创建一个随机种子。查看 tf.set_random_seed 行为。
  • name:操作的名称(可选)。

(三)初始化所有变量

(四)会话

tf.Session创建会话对象

sess = tf.Session() #定义Session对象
result = sess.run(product) #得到product值

 

 

WARNING:tensorflow:From /root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/compat/v2_compat.py:96: disable_resource_variables (from tensorflow.python.ops.variable_scope) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: non-resource variables are not supported in the long term 2025-07-26 19:47:00.316548: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:44] Successfully opened dynamic library libcuda.so.1 2025-07-26 19:47:00.379323: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1561] Found device 0 with properties: pciBusID: 0000:39:00.0 name: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 computeCapability: 8.9 coreClock: 2.52GHz coreCount: 128 deviceMemorySize: 23.55GiB deviceMemoryBandwidth: 938.86GiB/s 2025-07-26 19:47:00.379583: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:55] Could not load dynamic library 'libcudart.so.10.1'; dlerror: libcudart.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 2025-07-26 19:47:00.379632: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:55] Could not load dynamic library 'libcublas.so.10'; dlerror: libcublas.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 2025-07-26 19:47:00.380958: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:44] Successfully opened dynamic library libcufft.so.10 2025-07-26 19:47:00.381316: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:44] Successfully opened dynamic library libcurand.so.10 2025-07-26 19:47:00.381386: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:55] Could not load dynamic library 'libcusolver.so.10'; dlerror: libcusolver.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 2025-07-26 19:47:00.381440: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:55] Could not load dynamic library 'libcusparse.so.10'; dlerror: libcusparse.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 2025-07-26 19:47:00.381492: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:55] Could not load dynamic library 'libcudnn.so.7'; dlerror: libcudnn.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 2025-07-26 19:47:00.381501: W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1598] Cannot dlopen some GPU libraries. Please make sure the missing libraries mentioned above are installed properly if you would like to use GPU. Follow the guide at https://www.tensorflow.org/install/gpu for how to download and setup the required libraries for your platform. Skipping registering GPU devices... 2025-07-26 19:47:00.381919: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:143] Your CPU supports instructions that this TensorFlow binary was not compiled to use: AVX2 AVX512F FMA 2025-07-26 19:47:00.396214: I tensorflow/core/platform/profile_utils/cpu_utils.cc:102] CPU Frequency: 2000000000 Hz 2025-07-26 19:47:00.405365: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:168] XLA service 0x7f45c0000b60 initialized for platform Host (this does not guarantee that XLA will be used). Devices: 2025-07-26 19:47:00.405415: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:176] StreamExecutor device (0): Host, Default Version 2025-07-26 19:47:00.409166: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1102] Device interconnect StreamExecutor with strength 1 edge matrix: 2025-07-26 19:47:00.409199: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1108] WARNING:tensorflow:From /root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/layers/layers.py:1089: Layer.apply (from tensorflow.python.keras.engine.base_layer_v1) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: Please use `layer.__call__` method instead. loaded ./checkpoint/decom_net_train/model.ckpt loaded ./checkpoint/illumination_adjust_net_train/model.ckpt No restoration pre model! (480, 640, 3) (680, 720, 3) (415, 370, 3) Start evalating! 0 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 1365, in _do_call return fn(*args) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 1350, in _run_fn target_list, run_metadata) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 1443, in _call_tf_sessionrun run_metadata) tensorflow.python.framework.errors_impl.FailedPreconditionError: Attempting to use uninitialized value Restoration_net/de_conv6_1/biases [[{{node Restoration_net/de_conv6_1/biases/read}}]] During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "evaluate.py", line 92, in <module> restoration_r = sess.run(output_r, feed_dict={input_low_r: decom_r_low, input_low_i: decom_i_low}) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 958, in run run_metadata_ptr) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 1181, in _run feed_dict_tensor, options, run_metadata) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 1359, in _do_run run_metadata) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 1384, in _do_call raise type(e)(node_def, op, message) tensorflow.python.framework.errors_impl.FailedPreconditionError: Attempting to use uninitialized value Restoration_net/de_conv6_1/biases [[node Restoration_net/de_conv6_1/biases/read (defined at /root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/ops/variables.py:256) ]] Original stack trace for 'Restoration_net/de_conv6_1/biases/read': File "evaluate.py", line 28, in <module> output_r = Restoration_net(input_low_r, input_low_i) File "/root/Python/KinD-master/KinD-master/model.py", line 70, in Restoration_net conv6=slim.conv2d(up6, 256,[3,3], rate=1, activation_fn=lrelu,scope='de_conv6_1') File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/ops/arg_scope.py", line 184, in func_with_args return func(*args, **current_args) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/layers/layers.py", line 1191, in convolution2d conv_dims=2) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/ops/arg_scope.py", line 184, in func_with_args return func(*args, **current_args) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/layers/layers.py", line 1089, in convolution outputs = layer.apply(inputs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/util/deprecation.py", line 324, in new_func return func(*args, **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/base_layer_v1.py", line 1695, in apply return self.__call__(inputs, *args, **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/layers/base.py", line 547, in __call__ outputs = super(Layer, self).__call__(inputs, *args, **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/base_layer_v1.py", line 758, in __call__ self._maybe_build(inputs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/base_layer_v1.py", line 2131, in _maybe_build self.build(input_shapes) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/convolutional.py", line 172, in build dtype=self.dtype) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/layers/base.py", line 460, in add_weight **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/base_layer_v1.py", line 447, in add_weight caching_device=caching_device) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/tracking/base.py", line 743, in _add_variable_with_custom_getter **kwargs_for_getter) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variable_scope.py", line 1573, in get_variable aggregation=aggregation) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variable_scope.py", line 1316, in get_variable aggregation=aggregation) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variable_scope.py", line 551, in get_variable return custom_getter(**custom_getter_kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/layers/layers.py", line 1793, in layer_variable_getter return _model_variable_getter(getter, *args, **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/layers/layers.py", line 1784, in _model_variable_getter aggregation=aggregation) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/ops/arg_scope.py", line 184, in func_with_args return func(*args, **current_args) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/ops/variables.py", line 328, in model_variable aggregation=aggregation) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/ops/arg_scope.py", line 184, in func_with_args return func(*args, **current_args) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tf_slim/ops/variables.py", line 256, in variable aggregation=aggregation) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variable_scope.py", line 520, in _true_getter aggregation=aggregation) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variable_scope.py", line 939, in _get_single_variable aggregation=aggregation) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variables.py", line 259, in __call__ return cls._variable_v1_call(*args, **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variables.py", line 220, in _variable_v1_call shape=shape) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variables.py", line 198, in <lambda> previous_getter = lambda **kwargs: default_variable_creator(None, **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variable_scope.py", line 2614, in default_variable_creator shape=shape) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variables.py", line 263, in __call__ return super(VariableMetaclass, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variables.py", line 1666, in __init__ shape=shape) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/variables.py", line 1854, in _init_from_args self._snapshot = array_ops.identity(self._variable, name="read") File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/util/dispatch.py", line 180, in wrapper return target(*args, **kwargs) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/array_ops.py", line 282, in identity ret = gen_array_ops.identity(input, name=name) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/gen_array_ops.py", line 3901, in identity "Identity", input=input, name=name) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/op_def_library.py", line 744, in _apply_op_helper attrs=attr_protos, op_def=op_def) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 3327, in _create_op_internal op_def=op_def) File "/root/Python/conda_lit/kind/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 1791, in __init__ self._traceback = tf_stack.extract_stack()
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