Valid Palindrome

本文介绍如何判断一个字符串是否为回文字符串,考虑仅包含字母数字字符且忽略大小写。包括三种解决方案,涵盖C++、Python及不使用额外空间的方法。

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Problem:

Given a string, determine if it is a palindrome, considering only alphanumeric characters and ignoring cases.

For example,
"A man, a plan, a canal: Panama" is a palindrome.
"race a car" is not a palindrome.

Note:
Have you consider that the string might be empty? This is a good question to ask during an interview.

For the purpose of this problem, we define empty string as valid palindrome.

Solution 1:对称位置比较法(C++)

算法思路:

1.如果字符串为空或只存在一个字符,那么该字符串一定是回文;

2.处理该字符串,提取其中的数字或者字母保存到新的字符串converted中;

3.将converted字符串中所有字符转化为小写字符;然后比较所有对称位置的字符,如果有一对字符不相等,则为false,否则为true;

使用内建函数有:tolower()、isalnum()

<span style="font-size:18px;">    bool isPalindrome(string s) {
        locale loc;
        if(s.empty() || s.length() == 1)
            return true;
        int len = s.length();
        string converted;
        for(int i = 0 ;i < len; i++)
        {
            if(isalnum(s[i]))
                converted += tolower(s[i],loc); 
        }
//        cout<<"converted:"<<converted<<endl;
        
        if(converted.empty() || converted.length() == 1)
            return true;
        len = converted.length();
//        bool flag = true;
        for(int i = 0 ;i < len/2; i++)
        {
           if(converted[i] != converted[len - i - 1])
                return false;   
        }
        return true;
        
    }
};</span>

Solution 2:(Python)

算法思路:
1.反转字符串:s[::-1]
<span style="font-size:18px;">class Solution:
    # @param s, a string
    # @return a boolean
    def isPalindrome(self, s):
        converted = [i.lower() for i in s if i.isalnum()]
        return converted == converted[::-1]</span>

Solution 3:对称位置比较法,不采用extra space(C++)

算法思路:
1.设置首尾指针,每个指针遇到alnum就停止,然后对首尾指针进行比较。用while语句实现。

    bool isPalindrome(string s)
    {
        if(s.empty() || s.length() == 1)
            return true;
        int i = 0;
        int j = s.length() - 1;
        while(i < j)
        {
            while(i < j && !isalnum(s[i]))
                i ++;
            while(j > i && !isalnum(s[j]))
                j --;
            if(tolower(s[i]) != tolower(s[j]))
                return false;
            i ++;
            j --;
        }
        return true;
    



### XTUOJ Perfect Palindrome Problem Analysis For the **Perfect Palindrome** problem on the XTUOJ platform, understanding palindromes and string manipulation algorithms plays a crucial role. A palindrome refers to a word, phrase, number, or other sequences of characters which reads the same backward as forward[^1]. The challenge typically involves checking whether a given string meets specific conditions to be considered a perfect palindrome. In many similar problems, preprocessing steps such as converting all letters into lowercase (or uppercase) can simplify subsequent checks by ensuring case insensitivity during comparison operations. Additionally, removing non-alphanumeric characters ensures that only relevant symbols participate in determining if the sequence forms a valid palindrome[^2]. To determine if a string is a perfect palindrome, one approach iterates from both ends towards the center while comparing corresponding elements until reaching the midpoint without encountering mismatches: ```python def is_perfect_palindrome(s): cleaned_string = ''.join(char.lower() for char in s if char.isalnum()) left_index = 0 right_index = len(cleaned_string) - 1 while left_index < right_index: if cleaned_string[left_index] != cleaned_string[right_index]: return False left_index += 1 right_index -= 1 return True ``` This function first creates `cleaned_string`, stripping away any irrelevant characters and normalizing cases. Then through iteration with two pointers moving inward simultaneously (`left_index` starting at position 0 and `right_index` initially set to the last index), comparisons occur between pairs of opposing positions within the processed input string. If every pair matches perfectly throughout this process, then the original string qualifies as a "perfect palindrome".
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