1. MySQL 8.0安装部署

一、RDBMS关系型数据库管理系统

1、数据存储结构

数据库
表
记录 record， 每一行数据
字段 column， 列名

2、约束 constraint

1)、域约束【必须】

在字段进行数据类型限制
作用: 确保表中的某个字段的数据格式统一

2)、检查性约束

作用: 确保数据的合理性

3)、主键约束 primary key

作用：确保某一行的数据的惟一性

不允许出现重复数据
不允许为空
注意: 一张表只能有一个主键

4)、惟一键约束 unique key

不允许重复、允许为空
一张表中可以存在多个惟一键

5)、外键约束 Foreign Key

作用: 确保数据的完整性

3、关系型数据库管理系统的软件

开源软件
MySQL、PostgreSQL
MariaDB

商业数据库
Oracle
SQL Server

国产数据库
阿里 OceanBase
华为 GuassDB
达梦
人大金创

二、MySQL 8.0安装部署

1、安装MySQL软件仓库

• 使用mysql官方源

[root@node01 ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com/mysql80-community-release-el7.rpm
--2024-10-30 11:41:49--  https://repo.mysql.com/mysql80-community-release-el7.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 104.111.200.167, 2600:140b:2c00:aa8::1d68, 2600:140b:2c00:aac::1d68
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|104.111.200.167|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 14064 (14K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql80-community-release-el7.rpm’

100%[==============================================================>] 14,064      --.-K/s   in 0s      

2024-10-30 11:41:51 (455 MB/s) - ‘mysql80-community-release-el7.rpm’ saved [14064/14064]

[root@node01 ~]# ls
mysql80-community-release-el7.rpm  nginx-1.27.2  nginx-1.27.2.tar.gz
[root@node01 ~]# 
[root@node01 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7.rpm 
warning: mysql80-community-release-el7.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql80-community-release-el7-11 ################################# [100%]

• 使用内网FTP源安装MySQL

[root@node01 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql80.repo
[mysql80]
name=mysql80
baseurl=ftp://10.11.0.254/software/mysql8.0.37/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

2、安装MySQL 8.0

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server 

[root@node01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-common-8.0.37-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.37-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.37-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.37-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.37-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.37-1.el7.x86_64

3、启动MySQL服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

[root@node01 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep mysql 
tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      10387/mysqld        
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      10387/mysqld        

[root@node01 ~]# ps -elf | grep mysql
4 S mysql     10387      1 33  80   0 - 572443 poll_s 11:48 ?       00:00:11 /usr/sbin/mysqld
0 S root      10747   9908  0  80   0 - 28203 pipe_w 11:49 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

4、修改root用户密码

[root@web ~]# grep -i "password" /var/log/mysqld.log 
2023-08-17T07:39:00.876344Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kjFL%6Iiy_sp
[root@web ~]# 
[root@web ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'WWW.1.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

5、测试连接登录数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pWWW.1.com
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit

三、MySQL配置文件解析

1、配置文件 ---- /etc/my.cnf

• datadir=目录
  指定数据目录
  数据目录的属主、属组必须为mysql用户

• socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  套接字文件
  作用: 接收本地客户端的访问请求
  如果要修改套接字文件的位置，会影响客户端的连接登录，为方便客户端连接登录，可以在配置文件中为客户端指定套接字文件

[client]
socket=/mysql/data/mysql.sock

• log-error=
  指定错误日志

• pid-file=
  指定pid文件