图形化安装
1.先决条件，安装包放置
- 上传压缩包，上传的空余时间可以查看一下是否有安装oracle数据库，有就可以rm -rf删掉文件夹，删除软件。删数据库用管理库软件dbca删.
- CRT工具连接工具窗口右键连接 SFTP 标签页，输入 lpwd,查看虚拟机与主机共享目录位置，和查看安装包。
sftp> lpwd 查看共享目录的位置
C:/Users/Administrator/Documents
sftp> lls 查看共享目录下的文件
CFSystem desktop.ini KingsoftData
League of Legends My Music My Pictures
My Videos NetSarang p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip QQPCMgr
qq椋炶溅 Tencent Files Virtual Machines
鍦颁笅鍩庝笌鍕囧＋
- pwd 查看当前位置，可以cd到想要的位置，然后put保存压缩包
sftp> pwd 查看当前位置
/u01/app
sftp> put p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip 释放文件到linux
Uploading p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip to /u01/app/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
100% 1362873KB 7447KB/s 00:03:03
C:/Users/Administrator/Documents/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip: 1395582860 bytes transferred in 183 seconds (7447 KB/s)
sftp> put p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
Uploading p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip to /u01/app/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
100% 1124320KB 7753KB/s 00:02:25
C:/Users/Administrator/Documents/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip: 1151304589 bytes transferred in 145 seconds (7753 KB/s)
[root@VM1 app]# pwd 到对应目录下
/u01/app
[root@VM1 app]# ll 查看解压包是否释放成功
total 2489644
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 28 19:31 base
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 1395582860 Dec 19 2013 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 1151304589 Dec 19 2013 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
- 配置Yum，以备安装Oracle安装必备的安装包
- 挂载光盘提供YUM源
[root@VM1 ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@VM1 mnt]# ll
total 0
[root@VM1 mnt]# mkdir cdrom
[root@VM1 mnt]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only - 设置yum源
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo vi创建
[Server] ——— ⽤于区别各个不同的repository，必须唯⼀的名称
name=Server ——- 是对repository的描述
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server —— yum在安装包是查找的路径
enabled=1 —— yum 在安装或升级软件包时会将该仓库做为软件包提供源。
gpgcheck=0 —-有1和0两个选择，分别代表是否是否进⾏gpg校验
[root@VM1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[Server]
name=Server
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo" [New] 6L, 76C written
- unzip解压安装包（若都安装完，可以清除安装包以及解压文件，腾出空间）
[root@VM1 app]#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@VM1 app]#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[root@VM1 app]# ll
total 2489648
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 28 19:31 base
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Aug 27 2013 database （都解压后，会多出database目录文件）
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 1395582860 Dec 19 2013 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 1151304589 Dec 19 2013 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
2.创建安装路径、文件夹
2.1 创建文件路径
[root@VM1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/base/home
其中/u01/app为创建的ORACL的存放路径
/bash为Oracle的基目录，存放Oracle所有文件，常见为/u01/app/oracle，此目录对应安装过程以及配置环境变量中的$ORACLE_BASE
/home为Oracle安装的软件路径，存放软件。常见为基目录下的$ORACLA_base/product/11204/db_1 ， 此目录对应安装过程以及配置环境变量中的$ORACLE_HOME
2.2 创建用户和组
Oracle清单组（一般为 oinstall）
更多参考了解 https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_32786873/article/details/82187346 和 https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/427524975.html
OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”，拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时，OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称（默认为 oinstall）以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。
[root@rac1 ~]#cat /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
如果不存在 oraInventory 组，默认情况下，安装程序会将集群的网格基础架构的安装所有者的主组列为 oraInventory 组。确保所有计划的 Oracle 软件安装所有者都使用此组作为主组。
数据库管理员（OSDBA，一般为 dba）
OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务，如创建数据库、启动和关闭实例。该组的默认名称为 dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。
不要混淆 SYSDBA 系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系统权限。
数据库操作员组（OSOPER，一般为 oper） 可选创建的组
OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限，如管理和运行备份。该组的默认名称为 oper。SYSOPER系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组，选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。
[root@hwak ~]# groupadd oinstall 创建oinstall组 ，oinstall
[root@hwak ~]# groupadd dba 创建dba组
[root@hwak ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle 创建oracle用户并指定oinstall为主要组和dba辅助组。
[root@hwak ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 指定归属者和归属组
[root@hwak ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01 赋予目录权限
3.检查参数
3.1 检查内存要求（Memory Requirements）
[root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo 内存的大小
MemTotal: 515308 kB
[root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo 交换空间的大小
SwapTotal: 1044216 kB
[root@VM1 app]# free -m 确认以兆的形式检查所需要交换的内存信息
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1988 1965 22 0 19 1760
-/+ buffers/cache: 185 1802
Swap: 3999 0 3999
3.2 检查操作系统架构（System Architecture）
[root@hwak ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@VM1 app]# cat /proc/version 查看系统版本
Linux version 2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek (mockbuild@ca-build9.us.oracle.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)) #1 SMP Wed Jul 27 21:02:33 EDT 2011
3.3 检查磁盘空间要求（Disk Space Requirements）
[root@VM1 app]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
35G 7.2G 26G 22% /
/dev/sda1 99M 23M 71M 25% /boot
tmpfs 995M 0 995M 0% /dev/shm
4.配置参数，以及环境变量
4.1 配置推荐内核参数
（使用任何文本编辑器，创建或编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件，添加或编辑类似于以下内容的行)
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@VM1 app]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf 编辑文件添加或者修改内核参数，通过指定/etc/sysctl.conf文件，它们在重新启动系统时会持续存在。
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Oracle Enterprise Linux
#
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and
# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
# Controls source route verification
# See /usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-*/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmax = 65536
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
[root@VM1 app]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Oracle Enterprise Linux
#
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and
# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
# Controls source route verification
# See /usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-*/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmax = 65536
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
"/etc/sysctl.conf" 48L, 1388C written
[root@hwak ~]# sysctl -p 查看此命令的输出以验证值是否正确。如果值不正确，请编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件，然后再次输入此命令。
4.2 配置Oracle的资源配置
更新/etc/security/limits.conf安装所有者的配置文件中的资源限制。例如，将以下行添加到/etc/security/limits.conf文件中
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
[root@VM1 app]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 更新资源限制
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
# - an user name
# - a group name, with @group syntax
# - the wildcard *, for default entry
# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
# for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
# - core - limits the core file size (KB)
# - data - max data size (KB)
# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
# - nofile - max number of open files
# - rss - max resident set size (KB)
# - stack - max stack size (KB)
# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
# - nproc - max number of processes
# - as - address space limit
# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
# - priority - the priority to run user process with
# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
# - sigpending - max number of pending signals
# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to
# - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
# End of file
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
"/etc/security/limits.conf" 55L, 2010C written
5.配置变量
切换到oracle用户下配置环境变量。（.为隐藏文件，家目录下vi）制定用户的环境变量bash
[oracle@hwak ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp 如果确定/tmp目录的可用磁盘空间少于1 GB，则标识具有至少1 GB可用空间的文件系统，并设置TMP和TMPDIR环境变量以在此文件系统上指定临时目录
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/base 申明数据安装位置，和安装时的指定目录一直
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/base/home 申明数据存储位置，和安装时的home目录一致
export ORACLE_SID=orcl 声明数据库ID
[root@VM1 ~]# vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/base
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/base/home
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
~
~
".bash_profile" 20L, 344C written
6.xstart工具连接开启图形化安装
6.1 图形打开界面，填写调用的bin
[root@VM1 ~]# xhost + 因为不是本地化安装，所以调用命令起来显示图形化
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[root@VM1 ~]# xclock 打开小闹钟程序，看看图形化是否可用
[root@VM1 ~]# su - oracle 切换到安装用户，
[oracle@VM1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.145.1:0.0 声明图形化到本机显示，这里IP写本机IP，不是LINUX的IP
[oracle@VM1 ~]$ xclock 再次查看是否可以小闹钟。成功就可以开始下面的安装
6.2 开始安装
[oracle@VM1 database]$ ll
total 60
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 27 2013 install
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 30016 Aug 27 2013 readme.html
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 27 2013 response
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 27 2013 rpm
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 3267 Aug 27 2013 runInstaller
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 27 2013 sshsetup
drwxrwxr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 27 2013 stage
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 500 Aug 27 2013 welcome.html
[oracle@VM1 database]$ pwd
/u01/app/database
[oracle@VM1 database]$ ./runInstaller 上面进入压缩包解压出来的问价目录 运行安装
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 26436 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 3999 MB Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019-02-28_08
6.3 安装配置Oracle
不添加邮箱
跳过软件更新
install database software only 只安装数据库软件，不配置数据库
选择安装数据库类型
语言默认
选择默认类型
指定安装路径，由于写了环境变量。注意和自定义文件路径统一，安装失败通常与文件权限与用户归属者有关
安装软件的临时信息文件夹，这里一般是和基目录同一目录，即/u01/app下，因为/base在/app下，属组是oinstalla，这个文件夹是自动生成的，不需要创建！
归属组默认，dba组一般用来修改数据文件，权限较高
这里会出现提示有的依赖包没装，YUM装完之后check again，都装完之后ignore all。yum相关在前面的准备工作中，查看步骤一。如果yum提示被锁，进程等待，KILL -9 杀掉进程就好。 OS里面提示的是系统配置值。相关包安装好了就好。
安装到这一步之后，出现提示脚本提示框，用crt登陆root账户运行脚本就好
通过进程查看
[root@hwak ~]# tail -f /shujuku/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-01-22_07-56-51PM.log
INFO: Completed executing action at state <finish>
INFO: Waiting for completion of background operations
INFO: Completed background operations
INFO: Moved to state <finish>
INFO: Adding ExitStatus SUCCESS_WITH_WARNINGS to the exit status set
INFO: Finding the most appropriate exit status for the current application
INFO: Exit Status is 6
INFO: List of warnings encountered in this Application:
INFO: PREREQS_FAILED_WITH_WARNING
INFO: Shutdown Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Installer
数据库软件安装完成
7.创建数据库
通过脚本命令查看是否将需要的文件安装成功
[root@hwak ~]# rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \binutils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libgcc libstdc++ make sysstat
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5 (x86_64)
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 (x86_64)
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5 (x86_64)
gcc-4.1.2-51.el5 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.1.2-51.el5 (x86_64)
glibc-2.5-65 (x86_64)
glibc-2.5-65 (i686)
glibc-common-2.5-65 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.5-65 (x86_64)
glibc-headers-2.5-65 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.106-5 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.106-5 (i386)
libgcc-4.1.2-51.el5 (x86_64)
libgcc-4.1.2-51.el5 (i386)
libstdc++-4.1.2-51.el5 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.1.2-51.el5 (i386)
make-3.81-3.el5 (x86_64)
sysstat-7.0.2-11.el5 (x86_64)
查看环境变量是否配置好，因为$ORACLE_HOME是一个环境变量，因此如果想进到这个目录下，可以直接通过以下命令进入
[root@hwak ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@hwak ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/shujuku/oracle/software
[oracle@hwak ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@hwak software]$
为了使用方便，不进到$ORACLE_HOME目录里而直接执行，可以对环境变量进行设置，添加一行
[oracle@hwak ~]# vi .bash_profile
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
检查环境变量是否配置好，可以在X文件下执行如下命令
[oracle@hwak ~]# echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11204/db_1
[oracle@hwak ~]# echo $PATH
/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin
[oracle@hwak ~]# source .bash_profile
在Xstart工具下用oracle用户下dbca命令安装数据库（如果不成功，检查环境变量！）
初装只有两个选项，创建一个数据库
自定义安装
设置datebase 那么为orcl（此处和之前在环境变量内设置的SID不一样，会连接不上）
取消选项
设置用户密码，默认用户sysdba
设置对应Oracle主目录
继续
取消一个选项
大部分默认内存默认2G的40%，大小默认8K的块 最大支持的process是150
小项里面选好代码GBK（一般倒数第四）
最后检查设置，确定就开始安装
可以看到配置经过：
进入到安装的进度条：
安装完成，exit退出
启动xstart，所有配置完成后，切换到Oracle用户，并输入#netca命令：
Listener：监听
如果要删除一个数据库，通过#dbca命令：
刚才名称设定不一样的解决办法
在环境变量中，将ORACLE_SID的名称改为orcl，和建立数据库设置的一致。
运行# sqlplus / as sysdba命令：
[oracle@tyhawk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jan 21 17:03:47 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
这个结果说明连接成功。
安装完成后 登陆数据库查看
[root@hwak ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jan 21 17:03:47 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
此结果说明创建成功
静默安装
有的时候，我们无法启动Oracle的图形界面，那么我们就需要使用静默安装。
下面是在Linux平台上静默安装和静默建库的一个例子：
#scp oracle_soft.gzip oracle@remote_ip:/soft 这是远程存放文件的命令#
1. 检查内存、磁盘空间、系统版本
[root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 515308 kB
[root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 1044216 kB
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010
2. 检查软件包
[root@localhost Server]# rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \binutils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libgcc libstdc++ make sysstat
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5 (i386)
gcc-4.1.2-48.el5 (i386)
gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5 (i386)
glibc-2.5-49 (i686)
glibc-common-2.5-49 (i386)
glibc-devel-2.5-49 (i386)
glibc-headers-2.5-49 (i386)
libaio-0.3.106-5 (i386)
libgcc-4.1.2-48.el5 (i386)
libstdc++-4.1.2-48.el5 (i386)
make-3.81-3.el5 (i386)
sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5 (i386)
3. 创建用户和组、创建目录
[root@localhost Server]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost Server]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost Server]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@localhost Server]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost opt]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/base/home home是Oracle的软件目录，base是基目录
[root@localhost opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
[root@VM2 u01]# chmod -R 775 /u01
4. 内核修改
（修改完了之后记得source或者切换以下用户，读取配置）
[root@localhost Server]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65535
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
"/etc/sysctl.conf" 44L, 1227C written
[root@localhost Server]# sysctl -p 检查修改
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65535
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
# End of file
"/etc/security/limits.conf" 53L, 1897C written
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth include system-auth
account required pam_nologin.so
account include system-auth
password include system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session required pam_selinux.so close
session include system-auth
session required pam_loginuid.so
session optional pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session required pam_selinux.so open
session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session required pam_limits.so
"/etc/pam.d/login" 15L, 674C written
4. 配置环境变量
[root@VM2 u01]# su - oracle 切换到安装者 配置
[oracle@VM2 ~]$ vi .bash_profile 注意ORACLE_BASE还有HOME ，还有数据库ID
export PATH
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/base
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/base/home
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
~
".bash_profile" 22L, 515C written
[oracle@hwak ~]$ source .bash_profile 声明变量
5. 开始安装
[root@VM2 u01]# su - oracle 登陆安装用户安装
[root@VM2 u01]cd /u01/app/oracle/database/response 进入到软件包解压出来的路径
[oracle@VM2 response]$ mv db_install.rsp db_install.rsp_old 备份原有的
[oracle@VM2 response]$ vi db_install.rsp vi编辑一个新的
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME="VM2" 这里是安装机器的名字，linux的名字
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall 这里是安装的组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory 这里是在Oracle安装目录下自动生成的，日志文件目录，一般和基目录平级
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/base/home HOME路径对应自己建立的 home目录会自动创建
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/base BASE也是对应自己建立的
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=oradb
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=oradb
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=20000
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=welcome1
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/oradata/cc
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
[oracle@VM2 database]$ pwd 进入到解压目录下运行安装程序
/u01/app/oracle/database
[root@VM1 ~]# ./runInstaller -silent -debug -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp 运行安装程序，使用刚才编辑的文件
…
As a root user, execute the following script(s): 到这边了 根据提示跑脚本完成安装就好了。
1. /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11204/db/root.sh
Successfully Setup Software.
copying /opt/oracle/oraInventory/logs/oraInstall2012-09-05_01-32-48AM.out to /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/cfgtoollogs/oui/oraInstall2012-09-05_01-32-48AM.out
copying /opt/oracle/oraInventory/logs/oraInstall2012-09-05_01-32-48AM.err to /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/cfgtoollogs/oui/oraInstall2012-09-05_01-32-48AM.err
copying /opt/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2012-09-05_01-32-48AM.log to /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/cfgtoollogs/oui/installActions2012-09-05_01-32-48AM.log
copying /opt/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2012-09-05_01-32-48AM.log to /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/cfgtoollogs/oui/silentInstall2012-09-05_01-32-48AM.log
运行脚本：
[root@localhost logs]# /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /opt/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /opt/oracle/oraInventory to dba.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@localhost logs]# /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.sh
Check /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2012-09-05_02-01-01.log for the output of root script
6. 登录数据库检查版本
[oracle@localhost database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期三 9月 5 02:02:09 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>
7. 静默建库：
创建dbca参数文件
[oracle@VM2 response]$ vi mydb.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" 创建数据库
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl" 数据库名字
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt"
SYSPASSWORD = "rootmima"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "rootmima"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "rootmima"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "rootmima"
DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata" 数据文件存放地址
STORAGETYPE=FS
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE"
AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"mydb.rsp" [New] 16L, 420C written
[oracle@VM2 response]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/database/response/mydb.rsp 查看配置
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt"
SYSPASSWORD = "rootmima"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "rootmima"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "rootmima"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "rootmima"
DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata"
STORAGETYPE=FS
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE"
AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"
通过dbca工具静态建库
[oracle@localhost response]$ dbca -silent -responseFile
/opt/software/database/response/mydb.rsp
Creating and starting Oracle instance
1% complete
3% complete
Creating database files
4% complete
7% complete
Creating data dictionary views
8% complete
9% complete
10% complete
11% complete
12% complete
13% complete
14% complete
16% complete
17% complete
18% complete
19% complete
Adding Oracle JVM
25% complete
30% complete
36% complete
38% complete
Adding Oracle Text
39% complete
40% complete
41% complete
Adding Oracle XML DB
43% complete
44% complete
45% complete
49% complete
Adding Oracle Multimedia
50% complete
60% complete
Adding Oracle OLAP
61% complete
62% complete
64% complete
Adding Oracle Spatial
65% complete
66% complete
67% complete
71% complete
Adding Enterprise Manager Repository
73% complete
75% complete
Adding Oracle Application Express
78% complete
82% complete
Adding Oracle Warehouse Builder
86% complete
90% complete
Completing Database Creation
91% complete
92% complete
93% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/base/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further detail
8. 检查建库是否成功
[oracle@localhost response]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期三 9月 5 17:57:40 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> select instance_name,version from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME VERSION
---------------- -----------------
orcl 11.2.0.4.0
SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE
--------- --------------------
ORCL READ WRITE
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