Atomic write, 揭开你的面纱

Atomic Write是一种确保IO操作相对于其他操作是单步完成的技术,尤其在多线程环境下保证数据一致性。在NVMe标准中,原子写涉及到AWUN、AWUPF和ACWU等概念,确保在异常情况下的数据完整性。尽管存储层如SSD可能支持原子写,但文件系统如Linux的Ext3/4、XFS等并不友好,而ZFS和某些数据库如MySQL则通过特定设计应对原子性问题。MySQL的Double Write Buffer技术用于在存储层不支持原子写时确保数据一致性,但在SSD上可能影响性能。若SSD支持原子写,可以优化MySQL性能,但需要关闭Double Write Buffer并开启设备的原子写能力。

2016-04-25 晶格思维 晶格思维 晶格思维
晶格思维

crystalwit

从行业视角介绍IT领域特别是存储领域的新技术、新趋势,强调刨根问底和联想类比。

最早听到Atomic write这个功能是从Fusion-io的DFS文件系统对于数据库的性能优化上。从字面意义上来说,它的意思是IO写入操作相对于其他操作来说,是一个单步的动作。实际上,对于一个IO操作来说,在SSD内部的实现是一个复杂的过程,需要牵涉到很多步骤,因此通常的IO操作并不是一个单步的动作。为了支持原子写,SSD需要通过一个特殊的设计,保证从用户的角度来看,好像这个动作是单步的。

为了说明这个问题,先看一个多线程程序设计中常见的多线程同步问题。在这个例子中,设置了32个线程对同一个变量进行设置。


unsigned int bitmap = 0;


void *setbit_thread(void *opt)

{

    bitmap |= 1UL << pos;

    return NULL;

}


int main(int argc, void **argv)

{

    pthread_t thread[32];

    for (int i = 0; i != 32; i++)

    {

        pthread_create(&thread[i], NULL, &setbit_thread, (void *)i)

### Atomic Write Implementation and Usage Atomic operations ensure that certain actions are completed without interruption by other threads, which is crucial for maintaining data integrity in concurrent environments. For basic data types like `uint16` or `uint32`, the template code provided with features such as “Type Safe Copy” ensures atomic read/write access[^1]. #### Example of Atomic Write Using C++ Atomics Library In modern programming languages, libraries provide built-in support for atomic operations. Below demonstrates how one might implement an atomic write using C++'s `<atomic>` library: ```cpp #include <atomic> #include <iostream> std::atomic<int> value(0); void atomicWrite(int newValue) { value.store(newValue, std::memory_order_release); } int main() { int originalValue = 42; atomicWrite(originalValue); std::cout << "Wrote atomically: " << value.load(std::memory_order_acquire) << "\n"; } ``` This example uses `std::atomic<T>::store()` to perform an atomic write operation on variable `value`. The memory order parameter specifies synchronization constraints; here `std::memory_order_release` indicates all previous writes must be visible before this store. #### Ensuring Data Integrity During Writes To prevent race conditions when multiple threads attempt simultaneous reads/writes, ensuring each write completes indivisibly becomes essential. This prevents partial updates leading to inconsistent states within shared resources. For instance, consider a scenario where two processes try updating different parts of multi-byte integer concurrently – without proper safeguards, intermediate values could become corrupted resulting in undefined behavior. By employing atomic primitives offered through standard libraries or platform-specific APIs, developers can safeguard against such issues effectively.
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