关于python中的setup.py(转)

本文探讨了Python项目中setup.py和setup.cfg的作用及其配置方式。通过实例详细介绍了如何使用这些文件来管理项目的依赖和元数据,并解释了pbr工具如何简化此过程。

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声明:
本博客欢迎转发,但请保留原作者信息!
博客地址:http://lingxiankong.github.io/
内容系本人及本人团队学习、研究和总结,如有雷同,实属荣幸!
Author:华为云计算工程师 孔令贤
Date: 2013-12-23

版本:2013.2

其实对于setup.py和setup.cfg的关注是从OpenStack的源码包中开始的,OpenStack每个组件的发布时都是一个tar.gz包,同样,我们直接从github上clone代码后也会发现两个文件的存在。当阅读Nova或Ceilometer(其他组件可能也会涉及)的代码时,发现setup.cfg中内容对于代码的理解有很大的影响。那么,到底setup.py和setup.cfg是干什么的?

我们从例子开始。假设你要分发一个叫foo的模块,文件名foo.py�e8C那么setup.py内容如下:

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding%sA 0px; list-style-positio.: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; pa$ding: 0px; color: r'b(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal;%r0background-color: transparent;"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">from</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> distutils</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">core </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">import</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> setup</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'foo'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">      version</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'1.0'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">      py_modules</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'foo'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">      </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">   </span></code></li></ol>

然后,运行python setup.py sdist为模块创建一个源码包

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">root@network</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">/kong/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># python setup.py sdist</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running sdist</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running check</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">warning</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> check</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> missing required meta</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">data</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> url </span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">warning</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> check</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> missing meta</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">data</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> either </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">author </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">and</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> author_email</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">or</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">maintainer </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">and</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> maintainer_email</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> must be supplied</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">warning</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> sdist</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> manifest </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">template</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'MANIFEST.in'</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> does </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">not</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> exist </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">using</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">default</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> file list</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">warning</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> sdist</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> standard file </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">not</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> found</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> should have one of README</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> README</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">txt</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">writing manifest file </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'MANIFEST'</span></code></li><li class="L8" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">creating foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span></code></li><li class="L9" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">making hard links </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">in</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">...</span></code></li><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">hard linking foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">hard linking setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">creating dist</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(103, 140, 177);">Creating</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> tar archive</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">removing </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'foo-1.0'</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">and</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> everything under it</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li></ol>

在当前目录下,会创建dist目录,里面有个文件名为foo-1.0.tar.gz,这个就是可以分发的包。使用者拿到这个包后,解压,到foo-1.0目录下执行:python setup.py install,那么,foo.py就会被拷贝到python类路径下,可以被导入使用。

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">root@network</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">/kong/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">dist</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># python setup.py install</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running install</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running build</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running build_py</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">creating build</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">creating build</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">lib</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">linux</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">x86_64</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">2.7</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">copying foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> build</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">lib</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">linux</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">x86_64</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">2.7</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running install_lib</span></code></li><li class="L8" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">copying build</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">lib</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">linux</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">x86_64</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">2.7</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">/usr/</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">local</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">lib</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">python2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">7</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">dist</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">packages</span></code></li><li class="L9" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">byte</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">compiling </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">usr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">local</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">lib</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">python2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">7</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">dist</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">packages</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py to foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">pyc</span></code></li><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running install_egg_info</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(103, 140, 177);">Removing</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">usr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">local</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">lib</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">python2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">7</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">dist</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">packages</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">egg</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">info</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(103, 140, 177);">Writing</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">usr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">local</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">lib</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">python2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">7</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">dist</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">packages</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">egg</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">info</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">root@network</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">/kong/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">dist</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># ll /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/foo</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(250, 205, 34);">1.0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">egg</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">info  foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py            foo</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">pyc   </span></code></li></ol>

对于Windows,可以执行python setup.py bdist_wininst生成一个exe文件;若要生成RPM包,执行python setup.py bdist_rpm,但系统必须有rpm命令的支持。可以运行下面的命令查看所有格式的支持:

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">root@network</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">/kong/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># python setup.py bdist --help-formats</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(103, 140, 177);">List</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> of available distribution formats</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">formats</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">rpm      RPM distribution</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">formats</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">gztar    gzip</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'ed tar file</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">  --formats=bztar    bzip2'</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">ed tar file</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">formats</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">ztar     compressed tar file</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">formats</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">tar      tar file</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">formats</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">wininst  </span><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(103, 140, 177);">Windows</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> executable installer</span></code></li><li class="L8" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">formats</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">zip      ZIP file</span></code></li><li class="L9" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">formats</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">msi      </span><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(103, 140, 177);">Microsoft</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(103, 140, 177);">Installer</span></code></li></ol>

setup函数还有一些参数:

1、packages
告诉Distutils需要处理那些包(包含__init__.py的文件夹)
2、package_dir
告诉Distutils哪些目录下的文件被映射到哪个源码包。一个例%5��:package_dir = {'': 'lib'},表示“root package”中的模块都在lib目录中。
3、ext_modules
是一个包含Extension实例的列表,Extension的定义也有一�e9B参数。
4、ext_package
定义extension的相对路径
5、requires
定义依赖哪些模块
6、provides
定义可以为哪些模块提供依赖
7、scripts
指定python源码文件,可以从命令行执行。在安装时指定--install-script
8、package_data
通常包含与包实现相关的一些数据文件或类似于readme的文件。如果没有提供模板,会被添加到MANIFEST文件中。
9、data_files
指定其他的一些文件(如配置文件)

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(...,</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">      data_files</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=[(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'bitmaps'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'bm/b1.gif'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'bm/b2.gif'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">]),</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">                  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'config'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'cfg/data.cfg'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">]),</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">                  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'/etc/init.d'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'init-script'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">])]</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">     </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li></ol>

规定了哪些文件被安装到哪些目录中。如果目录名是相对路径,则是相对于sys.prefixsys.exec_prefix的路径。如果没有提供模板,会被添加到MANIFEST文件中。

执行sdist命令时,默认会打包哪些东西呢?

  • 所有由py_modulespackages指定的源码文件
  • 所有由ext_moduleslibraries指定的C源码文件
  • scripts指定的脚本文件
  • 类似于test/test*.py的文件
  • README.txt或README,setup.py,setup.cfg
  • 所有package_datadata_files指定的文件

还有一种方式是写一个manifest template,名为MANIFEST.in,定义如何生成MANIFEST文件,内容就是需要包含在分发包中的文件。一个MANIFEST.in文件如下:

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">include </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">*.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">txt</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">recursive</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">include examples </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">*.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">txt </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">*.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">prune examples</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">sample</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">?/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">build</span></code></li></ol>

setup.cfg提供一种方式,可以让包的开发者提供命令的默认选项,同时为用户提供修改的机会。对setup.cfg的解析,是在setup.py之后,在命令行执行前。

setup.cfg文件的形式类似于

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">command</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">]</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">option</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">value</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">...</span></code></li></ol>

其中,command是Distutils的命令参数,option是参数选项,可以通过python setup.py --help build_ext方式获取。

需要注意的是,比如一个选项是--foo-bar,在setup.cfg中必须改成foo_bar的格式

符合Distutils2的setup.cfg有些不同。包含一些sections:
1、global
定义Distutils2的全局选项,可能包含commands,compilers,setup_hook(定义脚本,在setup.cfg被读取后执行,可以修改setup.cfg的配置)
2、metadata
3、files

  • packages_root:根目录
  • packages
  • modules
  • scripts
  • extra_files

4、command sections

上面的setup.py和setup.cfg都是遵循python标准库中的Distutils,而setuptools工具针对Python官方的distutils做了很多针对性的功能增强,比如依赖检查,动态扩展等。很多高级功能我就不详述了,自己也没有用过,等用的时候再作补充。

一个典型的遵循setuptools的脚本:

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">from</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> setuptools </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">import</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> find_packages</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    name </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"HelloWorld"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    version </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"0.1"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    packages </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> find_packages</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(),</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    scripts </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'say_hello.py'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># Project uses reStructuredText, so ensure that the docutils get</span></code></li><li class="L8" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># installed or upgraded on the target machine</span></code></li><li class="L9" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    install_requires </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'docutils>=0.3'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    package_data </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">{</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># If any package contains *.txt or *.rst files, include them:</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">''</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'*.txt'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'*.rst'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># And include any *.msg files found in the 'hello' package, too:</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'hello'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'*.msg'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">},</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"></code></li><li class="L8" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.qem;"><code style=%2rmargin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" st9le="color: rgb(241,%2p242, 243);">    </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># metadata for upload to PyPI</span></code></li><li class="L9" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wra0: normal;e20background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    !uthor </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </spa.><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"Me"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    author_email </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"me@example.com"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    description </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"This is an Example Package"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    license </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"PSF"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    keywords </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"hello world example examples"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    url </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"http://example.com/HelloWorld/"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">   </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># project home page, if any</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># could also include long_description, download_url, classifiers, etc.</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li></ol>
<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># other arguments here...</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    entry_points </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">{</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'setuptools.installation'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">            </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'eggsecutable = my_package.some_module:main_func'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">]</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">}</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li></ol>
<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"Project-A"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">...</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    extras_require </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">{</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'PDF'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">  </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"ReportLab>=1.2"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"RXP"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'reST'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"docutils>=0.3"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">}</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li></ol>

特性如何使用呢?需要与entry points结合使用:

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"Project-A"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">...</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    entry_points </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">{</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'console_scripts'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">            </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'rst2pdf = project_a.tools.pdfgen [PDF]'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">            </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'rst2html = project_a.tools.htmlgen'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">            </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># more script entry points ...</span></code></li><li class="L8" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L9" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">}</span></code></li><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li></ol>

或者被其他project依赖:install_requires = ["Project-A[PDF]"]

我想大家最熟悉的就是这个特性了吧。比如一个博客系统想用不同的插件支持不同的语言输出格式,那么就可以定义一个“entry point group”,不同的插件就可以注册“entry point”,插件注册的示例:

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># ...</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    entry_points </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">{</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'blogtool.parsers'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'.rst = some_module:a_func'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">]}</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># 或者</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);"># ...</span></code></li><li class="L7" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    entry_points </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"""</span></code></li><li class="L8" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">        [blogtool.parsers]</span></code></li><li class="L9" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">        .rst = some.nested.module:SomeClass.some_classmethod [reST]</span></code></li><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">    """</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    extras_require </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> dict</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">reST </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">"Docutils>=0.3.5"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li></ol>

Distutils is the standard tool used for packaging. It works rather well for simple needs, but is limited and not trivial to extend.

Setuptools is a project born from the desire to fill missing distutils functionality and explore new directions. In some subcommunities, it’s a de facto standard. It uses monkey-patching and magic that is frowned upon by Python core developers.

Distribute is a fork of Setuptools that was started by developers feeling that its development pace was too slow and that it was not possible to evolve it. Its development was considerably slowed when distutils2 was started by the same group. 2013-August update: distribute is merged back into setuptools and discontinued.

Distutils2 is a new distutils library, started as a fork of the distutils codebase, with good ideas taken from setup tools (of which some were thoro5ghly discusse$ in PEPs)%2 and a basic installer inspired by pip. The actual name you use to import Distutils2 is packaging in the Python 3.3+ standard library, or distutils2 in 2.4+ and%r03.1–3.r. (A backpo2t will be available soon.) Distutils2 did not make the Python 3.3 release, and it was put on hold.

pbr是setuptools的辅助工具,最初是为OpenStack开发,基于d2to1

A library for managing setuptools packaging needs in a consistent manner.

pbr会读取和过滤setup.cfg中的数据,然后将解析后的数据提供给setup.py作为参数。包含如下功能:
1、从git中获取Version、AUTHORS and ChangeLog信息
2、Sphinx Autodoc。pbr会扫描project,找到所有模块,生成stub files
3、Requirements。pbr会读取requirements.txt,生成setup函数需要的install_requires/tests_require/dependency_links
4、long_description。从README.rst, README.txt or README file中生成long_description参数

使用pbr很简单:

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">from</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> setuptools </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">import</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> setup</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">(</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    setup_requires</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=[</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(236, 118, 0);">'pbr'</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">],</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    pbr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">True</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">,</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">)</span></code></li></ol>

使用pbr时,setup.cfg中有一些配置。在[files]中,有三个key:
packages:指定需要包含的包,行为类似于setuptools.find_packages
namespace_packages:指定namespace packages
data_files: 指定目的目录和源文件路径,一个示例:

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">[</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">files</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">]</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">data_files </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">    etc</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">pbr </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> etc</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">pbr</span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);">/*</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);">    etc/neutron =</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);">        etc/api-paste.ini</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);">        etc/dhcp-agent.ini</span></code></li><li class="L6" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="com" style="color: rgb(102, 116, 123);">    etc/init.d = neutron.init</span></code></li></ol>

[entry_points]段跟setuptools的方式相同。

A collection of tools for internationalizing Python applications

Babel是 Python 的一个国际化工具包,提供了对distutils或setuptools的支持,包含一些命令。

1、compile_catalog
类似于msgfmt工具,takes a message catalog from a PO file and compiles it to a binary MO file.

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">$ </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">./</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py compile_catalog </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">directory foobar</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">locale </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">locale pt_BR</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running compile_catalog</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">compiling catalog to foobar</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">locale</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">pt_BR</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">LC_MESSAGES</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">messages</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">mo</span></code></li></ol>

2、extract_messages
类似于xgettext,it can extract localizable messages from a variety of difference source files, and generate a PO (portable object) template file from the collected messages.

<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial;"><li class="L0" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">$ </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">./</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">setup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py extract_messages </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">--</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">output</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">file foobar</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">locale</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">messages</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">pot</span></code></li><li class="L1" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">running extract_messages</span></code></li><li class="L2" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">extracting messages </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">from</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> foobar</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">__init__</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py</span></code></li><li class="L3" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">extracting messages </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">from</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> foobar</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">core</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">py</span></code></li><li class="L4" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em;"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">...</span></code></li><li class="L5" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); list-style: decimal; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Courier; line-height: 14px; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">writing PO </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(147, 199, 99);">template</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"> file to foobar</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">locale</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">/</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">messages</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(241, 242, 243);">pot</span></code></li></ol>

3、update_catalog
类似于msgmerge,it updates an existing translations catalog based on a PO template file (POT).

OK,讲了这么多琐碎的东西,现在去看看Nova或Ceilometer的setup脚本,是不是一下清晰了很多?!但说实话,setup.py的使用,我还不能讲的特别清楚,需要在后续的实战中学习。

<think>好的,我现在需要帮助用户了解Python项目中setup.py文件的位置和用途。首先,我得回忆一下自己之前接触过的Python打包知识,确保信息准确。 首先,setup.py的位置通常在项目的根目录下。比如,如果有一个名为“myproject”的文件夹,里面可能有子目录如src、tests等,而setup.py就放在最外层。用户可能想知道如何确认这一点,可以建议他们检查项目结构,或者通过命令行查找。 接下来是setup.py的作用。根据引用中的信息,setup.py用于定义包的元数据和依赖,比如名称、版本、依赖项等。使用setuptools的setup函数来配置。用户可能用过pip install -e . 来以可编辑模式安装包,这时候setup.py就会被执行,生成egg-info或者链接到site-packages目录。这里需要解释install和develop的区别,引用2提到install是安装稳定包,而develop允许继续开发修改。可能还需要提到build_ext,用于编译C扩展,如引用3中的例子。 用户可能还会关心setup.py的实际应用场景,比如如何打包自己的项目,或者如何安装本地开发的包。需要解释setup.py在打包和分发中的核心作用,比如生成分发包,上传到PyPI等。 另外,要确保回答符合用户的需求,他们可能是在开发自己的Python包,或者需要修改现有项目的安装配置。需要覆盖常见用例,比如安装依赖、包含数据文件、指定入口点(如命令行工具)等。 需要检查是否有遗漏点,比如setup.cfg和pyproject.toml的现代替代趋势,但根据引用内容,用户可能更关注传统的setup.py用法。保持回答简洁,专注于用户的问题,不引入不必要的信息。 最后,生成的相关问题需要围绕setup.py的进阶使用、与其他工具的比较,以及常见问题。比如如何添加依赖,打包与非打包模式的区别,常见错误处理等。 总结回答结构:先说明位置,再详细用途,分点列出功能,引用相关例子,最后给出相关问题。确保每个部分都引用正确的来源,比如引用1、2、3中的内容,自然标注引用标记。</think>### Python项目中`setup.py`文件的位置及作用 #### 1. 文件位置 `setup.py`通常位于Python项目的**根目录**下。例如,假设项目结构如下: ``` myproject/ ├── src/ │ └── mymodule/ │ └── __init__.py ├── tests/ ├── README.md └── setup.py # 核心配置文件 ``` #### 2. 核心作用 `setup.py`是Python包管理的核心配置文件,通过`setuptools`库的`setup()`函数定义包的元数据和构建行为[^1][^2]。其主要功能包括: - **定义包信息** 指定包名称、版本、作者、许可证等元数据。例如: ```python from setuptools import setup setup( name="mypackage", version="0.1.0", author="Your Name", packages=["mymodule"] ) ``` - **声明依赖项** 通过`install_requires`字段定义依赖库,例如: ```python install_requires=["numpy>=1.18", "requests"] ``` - **构建与安装控制** - `python setup.py install`:将包安装到系统目录(如`site-packages`),适用于稳定版本 - `python setup.py develop`:以可编辑模式链接到项目目录,方便开发调试 - `python setup.py build_ext --inplace`:编译C/C++扩展模块[^3] - **打包分发** 支持生成源码包(`sdist`)和二进制包(`bdist_wheel`),用于上传至PyPI或其他仓库。 #### 3. 典型应用场景 1. **本地开发安装** ```bash pip install -e . # 等价于python setup.py develop ``` 将包链接到当前目录,修改代码后无需重新安装[^1]。 2. **自定义构建流程** 通过继承`setuptools.Command`类实现自定义任务(如文档生成)。 3. **包含非代码文件** 使用`package_data`或`MANIFEST.in`文件添加数据文件: ```python package_data={"mymodule": ["data/*.json"]} ```
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