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Java 多线程解决方案模板

📚 方案概览

本方案采用 ExecutorService 线程池 + Callable 接口实现多线程任务处理，包含以下核心组件：

1. 线程池管理 - 控制并发线程数量
2. 任务拆分机制 - 支持动态任务分配
3. 结果聚合 - 使用 Future 收集处理结果
4. 异常处理 - 统一捕获任务执行异常

🛠 实现代码

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class MultiThreadSolution {

    // 线程池配置参数
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = CORE_POOL_SIZE * 2;
    private static final long KEEP_ALIVE_TIME = 60L;
    private static final int QUEUE_CAPACITY = 1000;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. 创建线程池
        ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE,
                MAX_POOL_SIZE,
                KEEP_ALIVE_TIME,
                TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(QUEUE_CAPACITY),
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()
        );

        // 2. 创建任务集合
        List<Callable<String>> tasks = createTasks(10);

        try {
            // 3. 提交任务并获取Future集合
            List<Future<String>> futures = executor.invokeAll(tasks);

            // 4. 处理任务结果
            for (Future<String> future : futures) {
                try {
                    System.out.println("处理结果: " + future.get());
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    System.err.println("任务执行异常: " + e.getCause().getMessage());
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        } finally {
            // 5. 关闭线程池
            executor.shutdown();
            try {
                if (!executor.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                    executor.shutdownNow();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                executor.shutdownNow();
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        }
    }

    private static List<Callable<String>> createTasks(int taskCount) {
        List<Callable<String>> tasks = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= taskCount; i++) {
            final int taskId = i;
            tasks.add(() -> {
                // 模拟业务处理逻辑
                Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(500));
                return "任务[" + taskId + "]完成，线程: " + Thread.currentThread().getName();
            });
        }
        return tasks;
    }
}