Python列表与循环实践-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/static_check/article/details/79535066

本文通过实例演示了Python中列表的创建与操作方法，包括如何使用for循环遍历列表、添加元素、切片操作以及使用列表解析等技巧。此外，还介绍了如何处理元组并进行迭代。

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4-1 比萨：想出至少三种你喜欢的比萨，将其名称存储在一个列表中，再使用for循环将每种比萨的名称都打印出来。

pizzas = ["assorted pizza","vegetable pizza","Margherita pizza","pepperoni pizza"]

for pizza in pizzas:
    print(pizza)

assorted pizza
vegetable pizza
Margherita pizza
pepperoni pizza

4-1-1 修改这个for循环，使其打印包含比萨名称的句子，而不仅仅是比萨的名称。对于每种比萨，都显示一行输出，如“I lke pepperoni pizza”。

pizzas = ["assorted pizza","vegetable pizza","Margherita pizza","pepperoni pizza"]

for pizza in pizzas:
    print("I like " + pizza + '.')

I like assorted pizza.
I like vegetable pizza.
I like Margherita pizza.
I like pepperoni pizza.

4-1-2 在程序末尾添加一行代码，它不在for循环中，指出你有多喜欢比萨。

pizzas = ["assorted pizza","vegetable pizza","Margherita pizza","pepperoni pizza"]

for pizza in pizzas:
    print("I like " + pizza + '.')

print("I really love pizza!")

I like assorted pizza.
I like vegetable pizza.
I like Margherita pizza.
I like pepperoni pizza.
I really love pizza!

4-2 动物：想出至少三种有共同特征的动物，将这些动物的名称存储在一个列表中，再使用for循环将每种动物的名称都打印出来。

animals = ["lion","tiger","leopard"]

for animal in animals:
    print(animal)

lion
tiger
leopard

4-2-1 修改这个程序，使其针对每种动物都打印一个句子。

animals = ["lion","tiger","leopard"]

for animal in animals:
    print("A " + animal + " would not make a great pet.")

A lion would not make a great pet.
A tiger would not make a great pet.
A leopard would not make a great pet.

4-2-2 在程序末尾添加一行代码，指出这些动物的共同之处。

animals = ["lion","tiger","leopard"]

for animal in animals:
    print("A " + animal + " would not make a great pet.")

print("Any of these animals would not make a great pet!")

A lion would not make a great pet.
A tiger would not make a great pet.
A leopard would not make a great pet.
Any of these animals would not make a great pet!

4-3 数到20：使用一个for循环打印数字1~20。

for number in range(1,21):
    print(number)

4-4 一百万：创建一个列表，其中包含数字1~1000000，再使用一个for循环将这些数字打印出来。

for number in range(1,1000001):
    print(number)

4-5 计算1~1000000的总和。

numbers =  range(1,1000001)
	
print(min(numbers))
print(max(numbers))
print(sum(numbers))

1
1000000
500000500000

Python几乎是瞬间就得到将一百万个数字相加的结果。

4-6 奇数：创建一个包含在1~20内的奇数的列表

for number in range(1,21,2):
    print(number)

4-7 3的倍数：创建一个包含在3~30内能被3整除的数字的列表。

for number in range(3,31,3):
    print(number)

4-8 立方：创建一个包含前10个整数的立方的列表。

cubes = []

for number in range(1,11):
    cubes.append(number ** 3)
	
for cube in cubes:
    print(cube)

4-9 立方解析：使用列表解析生成一个列表，其中包含前10个整数的立方。

cubes = [value ** 3 for value in range(1,11)]

for cube in cubes:
    print(cube)

4-10 切片：选择你在本章编写的一个程序，在末尾添加几行代码。

4-10-1 打印消息“The first three items in the list are:”，再使用切片来打印列表的前三个元素。

cubes = [value ** 3 for value in range(1,11)]

print("The first three items in the list are:", end = ' ')
print(cubes[0:3])

The first three items in the list are: [1, 8, 27]

4-10-2 打印消息“Three items from the middle of the list are:”，再使用切片来打印列表中间的三个元素。

cubes = [value ** 3 for value in range(1,11)]

print("Three items from the middle of the list are:", end = ' ')
print(cubes[3:6])

Three items from the middle of the list are: [64, 125, 216]

4-10-3 打印消息“The last three items in list are:”,再使用切片来打印列表末尾的三个元素。

cubes = [value ** 3 for value in range(1,11)]

print("The last three items in list are:", end = ' ')
print(cubes[-3:])

The last three items in list are: [512, 729, 1000]

4-11 你的比萨和我的比萨：在你为完成练习4-1而编写的程序中，创建比萨列表的副本，并将其存储到变量friend_pizzas中

4-11-1 在原来的比萨列表中添加一种比萨。

4-11-2 在列表friend_pizzas中添加另一种比萨。

4-11-3 核实你有两个不同的列表。

pizzas = ["assorted pizza","vegetable pizza","Margherita pizza","pepperoni pizza"]
friend_pizzas = pizzas[:]

pizzas.append("Hawaii pizza")
friend_pizzas.append("Mexico pizza")

print("My favorite pizzas are:")
for pizza in pizzas:
    print(pizza)
	
print("\nMy friend's favorite pizzas are:")
for pizza in pizzas:
    print(pizza)

My favorite pizzas are:
assorted pizza
vegetable pizza
Margherita pizza
pepperoni pizza
Hawaii pizza

My friend's favorite pizzas are:
assorted pizza
vegetable pizza
Margherita pizza
pepperoni pizza
Hawaii pizza

4-12 使用多个循环：在food.py中编写两个for循环，将各个食品列表都打印出来。

my_foods = ['pizza','falafel','carrot cake']
friend_foods = my_foods[:]

my_foods.append('cannoli')
friend_foods.append('ice cream')

print("My favorite foods are:")
for food in my_foods:
    print(food)
	
print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
for food in friend_foods:
    print(food)

My favorite foods are:
pizza
falafel
carrot cake
cannoli

My friend's favorite foods are:
pizza
falafel
carrot cake
ice cream

4-13 自助餐：有一家自助式餐馆，只提供五种简单的食品。请想出五种简单的食品，并将其存储在一个元组中。

4-13-1 使用一个for循环将该餐馆提供的五种食品都打印出来。

foods = ("Steak","Roast Turkey","Pizza","Macaroni","Milk")

for food in foods:
    print(food)

Steak
Roast Turkey
Pizza
Macaroni
Milk

4-13-2 尝试修改其中的一个元素，核实Python确实会拒绝你这样做。

foods = ("Steak","Roast Turkey","Pizza","Macaroni","Milk")

foods[0] = "Sour Cucumber Soup"

for food in foods:
    print(food)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "food.py", line 3, in <module>
    foods[0] = "Sour Cucumber Soup"
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

4-13-3 餐馆调整了餐单，替换了它提供的其中两种食品。请给元组变量赋值，并使用一个for循环将新元组的每个元素都打印出来。

foods = ("Steak","Roast Turkey","Pizza","Macaroni","Milk")

foods = ("Apple Salad","Roast Turkey","Pizza","Macaroni","Sour Cucumber Soup")

for food in foods:
    print(food)

Apple Salad
Roast Turkey
Pizza
Macaroni
Sour Cucumber Soup