Django博客重构教程（一）models模型设计

这里主要是三张表Tag、Category、Post，关于评论，后面再加

blogproject/models

安装包

pip install django-model-utils

pip install pillow

pip install django-imagekit

pip install django-uuslug

pip install markdown

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db.models import F
from django.urls import reverse
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.functional import cached_property
from django.utils.html import strip_tags
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from model_utils import Choices
from model_utils.models import TimeStampedModel
from imagekit.models import ImageSpecField
# Create your models here.
from uuslug import slugify

from blogproject.utils import generate_rich_content


class Category(TimeStampedModel):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(_("name"), max_length=100)
    slug = models.SlugField(_("slug"), editable=False, max_length=200, unique=True)

    def natural_key(self):
        return self.__str__()

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.slug = slugify(self.name)
        super(Category, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Tag(TimeStampedModel):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(_("name"), max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _("tag")
        verbose_name_plural = _("tags")

    def natural_key(self):
        return self.__str__()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Post(models.Model):
    STATUS_CHOICES = Choices(
        (1, "published", _("published")),
        (2, "draft", _("draft")),
        (3, "hidden", _("hidden")),
    )
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    content = models.TextField()
    excerpt = models.TextField(_("excerpt"), blank=True)
    views = models.PositiveIntegerField(_("views"), default=0, editable=False)
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(_("created time"), default=timezone.now)
    updated_time = models.DateTimeField(_("created time"), auto_now=True)
    likes = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)
    url_slug = models.SlugField(editable=False, max_length=200)

    status = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(
        _("status"), choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default=STATUS_CHOICES.draft
    )

    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, verbose_name=_("tags"), blank=True)

    category = models.ForeignKey(
        Category,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        verbose_name=_("category"),
        null=True,
        blank=True,
    )

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _("Posts")
        verbose_name_plural = _("Posts")
        # ordering = ('-created',)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('post:article_detail', args=[self.id])

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.url_slug = slugify(self.title)
        super(Post, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
        if not self.excerpt:
            self.excerpt = strip_tags(self.content)[:150]

        if not self.created_time and self.status == self.STATUS_CHOICES.published:
            self.created_time = self.created_time

    def increase_views(self):
        self.__class__.objects.filter(id=self.id).update(views=F("views") + 1)

    @property
    def body_html(self):
        return self.rich_content.get("content", "")

    @cached_property
    def rich_content(self):
        return generate_rich_content(self.content)

    @property
    def type(self):
        return "p"

用到几个自己写的模块

blogproject/utils

import re

import markdown
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from markdown.extensions.toc import TocExtension
from slugify import slugify


def generate_rich_content(value, *, toc_depth=2, toc_url=""):
    md = markdown.Markdown(
        extensions=[
            "markdown.extensions.extra",
            "markdown.extensions.codehilite",
            "markdown.extensions.admonition",
            "markdown.extensions.nl2br",
            TocExtension(slugify=slugify, toc_depth=toc_depth),
            "pymdownx.magiclink",
            "pymdownx.tasklist",
            "pymdownx.tilde",
            "pymdownx.caret",
        ]
    )
    content = md.convert(value)
    toc = md.toc

    soup = BeautifulSoup(toc, "html.parser")
    # must use contents, not children
    # if soup.ul.contents:
    toc = "".join(map(str, soup.ul.contents)).strip()

    if toc_url:

        def absolutify(matchobj):
            return 'href="{toc_url}{frag}"'.format(
                toc_url=toc_url, frag=matchobj.group(1)
            )

        toc = re.sub('href="(.+)"', absolutify, toc)
    return {"content": content, "toc": toc}

blogproject/urls

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.urls import path
from blogproject import views
from rest_framework import routers
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt

app_name = 'blogproject'


urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^post/(?P<article_id>[0-9]+)/(?P<url_slug>[-\w]+)/$', views.post_detail, name='post'),
]

模型生成和迁移

 python3 manage.py makemigrations

 python3 manage.py migrate 

这里如果发生问题的话，把app下migrations里的initial.py和所有迁移记录的py文件都删掉，然后在django-migrations里把对应的初始化initial操作记录删掉，然后重新执行makemigrations和migrate