make 中的config详述

本文介绍Linux内核配置的各种方法,包括使用config、menuconfig、xconfig等工具进行配置的过程。同时,文章还解释了.config文件如何影响配置流程及不同配置方式的特点。

help:
 @echo  '  config   - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program'
 @echo  '  menuconfig   - Update current config utilising a menu based program'
 @echo  '  xconfig   - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end'
 @echo  '  gconfig   - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end'
 @echo  '  oldconfig   - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base'
 @echo  '  silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly'
 @echo  '  randconfig   - New config with random answer to all options'
 @echo  '  defconfig   - New config with default answer to all options'
 @echo  '  allmodconfig   - New config selecting modules when possible'
 @echo  '  allyesconfig   - New config where all options are accepted with yes'
 @echo  '  allnoconfig   - New config where all options are answered with no'

 

 1. 如果.config不存在,运行make config/menuconfig时的缺省设置由固化在各个Kconfig文件中各项目的缺省值决定。
2. 如果.config存在,运行make config/menuconfig时的缺省设置即是当前.config的设置,若对设置进行了修改,.config将被更新。
3. 每一个体系结构下面都有相关的配置文件,比如说在x86体系结构下面有。arch/x86/configs文件夹中有许多命名为xxx_defconfig的配置文件,如果运行make xxx_defconfig,当前.config文件会由xxx_defconfig文件生成。
4. make oldconfig的作用是备份当前.config文件为.config.old,如若make config/menuconfig设置不当可用于恢复先前的.config。

Build directory for the kernel ------------------------------ When compiling the kernel, all output files will per default be stored together with the kernel source code. Using the option ``make O=output/dir`` allows you to specify an alternate place for the output files (including .config). Example:: kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-4.X build directory: /home/name/build/kernel To configure and build the kernel, use:: cd /usr/src/linux-4.X make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig make O=/home/name/build/kernel sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install Please note: If the ``O=output/dir`` option is used, then it must be used for all invocations of make. Configuring the kernel ---------------------- Do not skip this step even if you are only upgrading one minor version. New configuration options are added in each release, and odd problems will turn up if the configuration files are not set up as expected. If you want to carry your existing configuration to a new version with minimal work, use ``make oldconfig``, which will only ask you for the answers to new questions. - Alternative configuration commands are:: "make config" Plain text interface. "make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs. "make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus. "make xconfig" Qt based configuration tool. "make gconfig" GTK+ based configuration tool. "make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of your existing ./.config file and asking about new config symbols. "make silentoldconfig" Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen with questions already answered. Additionally updates the dependencies. "make olddefconfig" Like above, but sets new symbols to their default values without prompting. "make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/defconfig or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig, depending on the architecture. "make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default symbol values from arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig. Use "make help" to get a list of all available platforms of your architecture. "make allyesconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'y' as much as possible. "make allmodconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'm' as much as possible. "make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'n' as much as possible. "make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to random values. "make localmodconfig" Create a config based on current config and loaded modules (lsmod). Disables any module option that is not needed for the loaded modules. To create a localmodconfig for another machine, store the lsmod of that machine into a file and pass it in as a LSMOD parameter. target$ lsmod > /tmp/mylsmod target$ scp /tmp/mylsmod host:/tmp host$ make LSMOD=/tmp/mylsmod localmodconfig The above also works when cross compiling. "make localyesconfig" Similar to localmodconfig, except it will convert all module options to built in (=y) options. You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt. - NOTES on ``make config``: - Having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers. - A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger, but will work on different machines regardless of whether they have a math coprocessor or not. - The "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you should probably answer 'n' to the questions for "development", "experimental", or "debugging" features. ——详述一下这段话的步骤
08-09
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