Struts 1.x入门

1.新建一个web项目并加入Struts1.x的依赖库。
[quote]
commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar: 动态的获取/设值Java Bean的属性
commons-digester-1.8.jar: 基于规则的XML文档解析,主要用于XML到Java对象的映射
commons-fileupload-1.1.1.jar: struts中上传文件要用到
commons-validator-1.3.1.jar: struts的验证框架
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar:日志处理
commons-chain-1.2.jar： 处理HTTP请求处理的基础机制
struts-core-1.3.10.jar： struts的核心库
struts-extras-1.3.10.jar： struts的扩展库
oro-2.0.8.jar： 文本处理工具
antlr-2.7.2.jar：语法分析器
[/quote]

2.配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
	<!-- Standard Action Servlet Configuration -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
		<!-- 以下的几个init-param都可以不用配置 -->
		<init-param>
			<!--
				缺省情况下就是/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml，可以不用配置，只有当文件名称不是struts-config.xml或路径不在WEB-INF下时需要配置
			-->
			<param-name>config</param-name>
			<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<!-- 表示对servlet日志输出的等级 -->
			<param-name>debug</param-name>
			<param-value>2</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<!-- 最好留着，表示Servlet的初始化时间，在这里表示在tomcat启动的时候进行初始化 -->
		<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>


	<!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping -->
	<!-- 表示servlet接收*.do的请求 -->
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3.在WEB-INF下加入struts-config.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN"
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">
<struts-config>
	<form-beans>
		<form-bean name="loginForm" type="com.yx.zzg.form.LoginActionForm" />
	</form-beans>
	<!-- 配置全局的转向，如果全局转向和局部转向都配有，会先找局部转向，局部转向没有找到才会去找全局转向 -->
	<!--  
	<global-forwards>
		<forward name="failure" path="/failure.jsp" />
	</global-forwards>
	-->
	<action-mappings>
		<!-- path定义action的名字，一定要以“/”开头 -->
		<!-- type指定action类的完整路径 -->
		<!-- name指定用的是哪个ActionForm -->
		<!--
			struts默认ActionForm放在session范围内，这里需要通过scope手动指定成request，所以在前台可以通过<%
			LoginActionForm
			laf=(LoginActionForm)request.getAttribute("loginForm");
			%>拿到ActionForm
		-->
		<!-- 指定ActionForm中的validate是否执行，默认情况下是执行的 -->
		<!--
			attribute如果没有设置，在前台获取ActionForm就通过ActionForm的name来获取，如果设置了attribute就通过attribute的值来获取
		-->
		<action path="/login" type="com.yx.zzg.action.LoginAction"
			name="loginForm" scope="request" validate="false" attribute="loginForm">
			<!-- 配置转向，redirect属性默认为false，表示是请求转发，如果将其设置为true则表示重定向 -->
			<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp" />
			<forward name="failure" path="/failure.jsp" />
		</action>
<!--
			指定访问不存在页面，当访问一个不存在的页面时会跳到unknown.jsp页面，只对.do的请求其作用。forward属性通常使用在没有具体的action实现的情况下，如一个转向
		-->
		<action path="/unknown" forward="/unknown.jsp" unknown="true" />
	</action-mappings>
</struts-config>

4.编写ActionForm类

package com.yx.zzg.form;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

/**
 * 登录的ActionForm.
 * ActionForm是做数据收集的
 * ActionForm中的属性必须和表单输入域的名称一致
 * @author toshiba
 *
 */
public class LoginActionForm extends ActionForm {

	private String username;

	private String password;

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	@Override
	public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
		System.out.println("----------LoginActionForm.reset()---------");
	}

	@Override
	public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,
			HttpServletRequest request) {
		System.out.println("----------LoginActionForm.validate()---------");
		return null;
	}

}

5.编写异常类

package com.yx.zzg.exception;

public class PasswordErrorException extends RuntimeException {

}

package com.yx.zzg.exception;

public class UserNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {

}

6.编写业务类

package com.yx.zzg.service;

import com.yx.zzg.exception.PasswordErrorException;
import com.yx.zzg.exception.UserNotFoundException;

public class UserManager {
	private static UserManager instance=new UserManager();
	private UserManager(){

	}
	public static UserManager getInstance(){
		return instance;
	}

	public void login(String username,String password){
		if(!"zzg".equals(username)){
			throw new UserNotFoundException();
		}
		if(!"zzg".equals(password)){
			throw new PasswordErrorException();
		}
	}

}

7.编写Action类

package com.yx.zzg.action;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

import com.yx.zzg.exception.PasswordErrorException;
import com.yx.zzg.exception.UserNotFoundException;
import com.yx.zzg.form.LoginActionForm;
import com.yx.zzg.service.UserManager;

public class LoginAction extends Action {

	public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws Exception {
		String errorInfo="";
		LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm) form;
		String username = laf.getUsername();
		String password = laf.getPassword();
//		if ("zzg".equals(username) && "zzg".equals(password)) {
//			request.setAttribute("username", username);
//			return mapping.findForward("success");
//		} else {
//			return mapping.findForward("failure");
//		}
		try{
			UserManager.getInstance().login(username, password);
			//request.setAttribute("username", username);
                        return mapping.findForward("success");
		}catch(UserNotFoundException fnfe){
			fnfe.printStackTrace();
			errorInfo="用户名无效";
		}catch(PasswordErrorException pee){
			pee.printStackTrace();
			errorInfo="密码错误";
		}
		request.setAttribute("errorInof", errorInfo);
		return mapping.findForward("failure");
	}

}

6.登录测试页面

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>登录</title>
	</head>

	<body>
		<form action="login.do" method="post">
			用户名：
			<input name="username" type="text" />
			密码：
			<input name="password" type="password" />
			<input type="submit" value="登录" />
		</form>
	</body>
</html>