Struts1框架是apache公司的开源子项目,是基于mvc逻辑分层的web层框架实现。是出现最早的web层框架,应用最广发。Struts1框架重点关注的是控制层,对于视图层只是提供了大量的标签;对于model层的影响微乎其微。
本文也是本人初学struts情况下写的,如有不足之外还希望能给我一点指点。
好了,下面就直接说使用实例吧。
1 Java的基本运行环境,就不多说了,我这里用的IDE是Eclipse Java EE IDE for Web Developers,Mars Release (4.5.0)。
2 因为本例中创建的是web项目,应用的运行需要安装好tomcat,并将其配置到eclipse中Server去。
配置过程是Window->Preference->Server->Server Runtime Environment->Add->选择tomcat版本->next->Browse(选择tomcat的安装路径)->Finished.
3 创建新项目
4 因为使用的不是Maven工程,所以需要的依赖需要自己手动导入,这里使用的struts的版本是struts-1.3.10,所用的jar包可以直接从官网上下载。
5 导入依赖,把需要加入的jar包拷进WebContent/WEB-INF/lib下,并项目Properties->Java Build Path->Add External Jar.
鉴于是初学,为避免不必要的麻烦,所以所有的jar都添加到项目的Build Path中去。
6 在WebContent下的WEB-INF下创建配置文件web.xml,struts_config.xml,其中web.xml可能会已存在,可以不必再次创建。
7 创建LoginForm,继承自ActionForm
package com.peace;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
public class LoginForm extends ActionForm {
private String userName = null;
private String passWord = null;
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassWord() {
return passWord;
}
public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
this.passWord = passWord;
}
}
8 创建LoginAction,继承自Action,并重写Action的exectue方法
package com.peace;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
public class LoginAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return super.execute(mapping, form, request, response);
}
}
上面的代码目前什么都没做,之后会修改其中的execute()方法的实现
9 修改配置文件web.xml和struts_config.xml.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- 配置ActionServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 指定struts配置文件 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts_config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 最先运行 -->
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 指定ActionServlet可以处理哪些URL -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="loginForm" type="com.peace.LoginForm"></form-bean>
</form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<action path="/login" type="com.peace.LoginAction" name="loginForm">
<forward name="loginSuccessed" path="/loginSuccessed.jsp"/>
<forward name="loginFialed" path="/loginFailed.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>
10 修改LoginAction中的exectue()方法
package com.peace;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
public class LoginAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
LoginForm loginForm = (LoginForm) form;
if(loginForm.getUserName().equals("test")
&& loginForm.getPassWord().equals("123")) {
return mapping.findForward("loginSuccessed");
} else {
return mapping.findForward("loginFailed");
}
}
}
11 添加3个简单的jsp页面,实现测试
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="<%= request.getContextPath() %>/login.do" method="post">
UserName:<input type="text" name="userName"><br>
PassWord:<input type="password" name="passWord"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>
</body>
</html>
loginSuccessed.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Login Successed!
</body>
</html>
loginFailed.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Login failed!!!
</body>
</html>
12 运行, 右键Run as->Run On Server
13 测试结果
总结:(抄个图说明一下struts的工作原理)