Hive学习之创建、删除、Truncate表

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#Hive #Hive数据库 #Hive分区 #Hive桶

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本文详细介绍了Hive中创建表的语法，包括数据类型、分区、桶、SerDe等概念。ROW FORMAT子句用于定义数据格式，STORED AS则指定文件格式。SKEWED BY用于处理数据偏斜。通过示例展示了如何创建外部表、使用CTAS创建新表，并探讨了LIKE语法。删除表会移除数据和元数据，而TRUNCATE操作仅删除所有行，保留表结构。

创建表的语句有两种，分别为：

CREATE [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name
[(col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]
[COMMENT table_comment]
[PARTITIONED BY (col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]
[CLUSTERED BY (col_name, col_name, ...) [SORTED BY(col_name[ASC|DESC], ...)] INTO num_buckets BUCKETS]
[SKEWED BY (col_name, col_name, ...) ON ([(col_value, col_value, ...), ...|col_value, col_value, ...]) [STORED AS DIRECTORIES]
  [ [ROW FORMAT row_format] [STORED AS file_format]
   | STORED BY 'storage.handler.class.name' [WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (...)]  ]
  [LOCATION hdfs_path]
  [TBLPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, ...)] 
  [AS select_statement]