x86内核启动分析一 看看打印吧

从start_kernel到init进程启动 《Linux内核分析》笔记 从start_kernel到init进程启动 《Linux内核分析》笔记GDB的使用在进入GDB调试前,首先掌握GDB最常用的命令,以方便完成跟踪。 b[reak] linenumber:加断点 s[tep]:单步进入 n[ext]:单步跳过 c[ontinue]:继续执行 r[un]:运行至结束或者崩溃 q[uit]:退出 info:查看已设置的断点和观察点 watch:设置观察点 其他有用的命令 阅读详情

自己虚拟机的iomap

[root@localhost mach-visws]# cat /proc/iomem 
00000000-0009fbff : System RAM
  00000000-00000000 : Crash kernel
0009fc00-0009ffff : reserved
000a0000-000bffff : Video RAM area
000c0000-000c7fff : Video ROM
000e2000-000e2fff : Adapter ROM
000f0000-000fffff : System ROM
00100000-1ffeffff : System RAM
  00400000-0061e0fb : Kernel code
  0061e0fc-007074a3 : Kernel data
1fff0000-1fffffff : ACPI Tables
e0000000-e3ffffff : 0000:00:02.0
f0000000-f001ffff : 0000:00:03.0
  f0000000-f001ffff : e1000
f0400000-f07fffff : 0000:00:04.0
f0800000-f0803fff : 0000:00:04.0
f0804000-f0804fff : 0000:00:06.0
  f0804000-f0804fff : ohci_hcd
f0805000-f0805fff : 0000:00:0b.0
  f0805000-f0805fff : ehci_hcd
f0806000-f0807fff : 0000:00:0d.0
  f0806000-f0807fff : ahci
fec00000-fec00fff : reserved
fee00000-fee00fff : reserved
fffc0000-ffffffff : reserved

[root@localhost mach-visws]#

自己的虚拟机的初始化messages

[zl@localhost ~]$ dmesg
Linux version 2.6.23 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #3 SMP Fri Apr 28 22:41:18 CST 2017
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
 BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fff0000 (usable)
 BIOS-e820: 000000001fff0000 - 0000000020000000 (ACPI data)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec01000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000fffc0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
511MB LOWMEM available.//只有512M内存
found SMP MP-table at 0009fff0
Entering add_active_range(0, 0, 131056) 0 entries of 256 used
Zone PFN ranges:
  DMA             0 ->     4096
  Normal       4096 ->   131056
  HighMem    131056 ->   131056
Movable zone start PFN for each node
early_node_map[1] active PFN ranges
    0:        0 ->   131056
On node 0 totalpages: 131056
  DMA zone: 32 pages used for memmap
  DMA zone: 0 pages reserved
  DMA zone: 4064 pages, LIFO batch:0
  Normal zone: 991 pages used for memmap
  Normal zone: 125969 pages, LIFO batch:31
  HighMem zone: 0 pages used for memmap
  Movable zone: 0 pages used for memmap
DMI 2.5 present.
Using APIC driver default
ACPI: RSDP 000E0000, 0024 (r2 VBOX  )
ACPI: XSDT 1FFF0030, 003C (r1 VBOX   VBOXXSDT        1 ASL        61)
ACPI: FACP 1FFF00F0, 00F4 (r4 VBOX   VBOXFACP        1 ASL        61)
ACPI: DSDT 1FFF0480, 210F (r1 VBOX   VBOXBIOS        2 INTL 20100528)
ACPI: FACS 1FFF0200, 0040
ACPI: APIC 1FFF0240, 006C (r2 VBOX   VBOXAPIC        1 ASL        61)
ACPI: SSDT 1FFF02B0, 01CC (r1 VBOX   VBOXCPUT        2 INTL 20100528)
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x4008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Processor #0 7:7 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)
Processor #1 7:7 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x02] lapic_id[0x02] enabled)
Processor #2 7:7 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x03] lapic_id[0x03] enabled)
Processor #3 7:7 APIC version 20
ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x04] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 4, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
ACPI: IRQ0 used by override.
ACPI: IRQ2 used by override.
ACPI: IRQ9 used by override.
Enabling APIC mode:  Flat.  Using 1 I/O APICs
Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
Allocating PCI resources starting at 30000000 (gap: 20000000:dec00000)
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order.  Total pages: 130033
Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet
mapped APIC to ffffb000 (fee00000)
mapped IOAPIC to ffffa000 (fec00000)
Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
Initializing CPU#0
CPU 0 irqstacks, hard=c076e000 soft=c074e000
PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 11, 8192 bytes)
Detected 1335.550 MHz processor.
Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
console [tty0] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Memory: 511756k/524224k available (2168k kernel code, 11916k reserved, 932k data, 248k init, 0k highmem)
virtual kernel memory layout:
    fixmap  : 0xffc54000 - 0xfffff000   (3756 kB)
    pkmap   : 0xff800000 - 0xffc00000   (4096 kB)
    vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xff7fe000   ( 495 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xdfff0000   ( 511 MB)
      .init : 0xc070d000 - 0xc074b000   ( 248 kB)
      .data : 0xc061e0fc - 0xc07074a4   ( 932 kB)
      .text : 0xc0400000 - 0xc061e0fc   (2168 kB)
Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.
Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 2683.45 BogoMIPS (lpj=1341726)
Security Framework v1.0.0 initialized
SELinux:  Initializing.
SELinux:  Starting in permissive mode
selinux_register_security:  Registering secondary module capability
Capability LSM initialized as secondary
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000000 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 24K
CPU: L2 cache: 1024K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 0
CPU: After all inits, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000140 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.
Compat vDSO mapped to ffffe000.
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
SMP alternatives: switching to UP code
ACPI: Core revision 20070126
CPU0: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU  Z3735F @ 1.33GHz stepping 08
SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code
Booting processor 1/1 eip 3000
CPU 1 irqstacks, hard=c076f000 soft=c074f000
Initializing CPU#1
Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 2670.45 BogoMIPS (lpj=1335229)
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000000 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 24K
CPU: L2 cache: 1024K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 1
CPU: After all inits, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000140 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#1.
CPU1: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU  Z3735F @ 1.33GHz stepping 08
SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code
Booting processor 2/2 eip 3000
CPU 2 irqstacks, hard=c0770000 soft=c0750000
Initializing CPU#2
Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 2673.32 BogoMIPS (lpj=1336663)
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000000 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 24K
CPU: L2 cache: 1024K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 2
CPU: After all inits, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000140 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#2.
CPU2: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU  Z3735F @ 1.33GHz stepping 08
SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code
Booting processor 3/3 eip 3000
CPU 3 irqstacks, hard=c0771000 soft=c0751000
Initializing CPU#3
Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 2649.29 BogoMIPS (lpj=1324648)
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000000 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 24K
CPU: L2 cache: 1024K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 3
CPU: After all inits, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000140 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#3.
CPU3: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU  Z3735F @ 1.33GHz stepping 08
Total of 4 processors activated (10676.53 BogoMIPS).
ENABLING IO-APIC IRQs
..TIMER: vector=0x31 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1
checking TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#1]: passed.
checking TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#2]: passed.
checking TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#3]: passed.
Brought up 4 CPUs
khelper used greatest stack depth: 3256 bytes left
khelper used greatest stack depth: 3220 bytes left
NET: Registered protocol family 16
No dock devices found.
ACPI: bus type pci registered
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfda26, last bus=0
PCI: Using configuration type 1
Setting up standard PCI resources
ACPI: EC: Look up EC in DSDT
ACPI: Interpreter enabled
ACPI: (supports S0 S1 S5)
ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (0000:00)
PCI: Scanning bus 0000:00
PCI: Found 0000:00:00.0 [8086/1237] 000600 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:01.0 [8086/7000] 000601 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:01.1 [8086/7111] 000101 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Found 0000:00:02.0 [80ee/beef] 000300 00
PCI: Found 0000:00:03.0 [8086/100e] 000200 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:04.0 [80ee/cafe] 000880 00
PCI: Found 0000:00:06.0 [106b/003f] 000c03 00
PCI: Found 0000:00:07.0 [8086/7113] 000680 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05a55d1 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eaf42 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI quirk: region 4000-403f claimed by PIIX4 ACPI
PCI quirk: region 4100-410f claimed by PIIX4 SMB
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd77 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:0b.0 [8086/265c] 000c03 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:0d.0 [8086/2829] 000106 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:0d.0
PCI: Fixups for bus 0000:00
PCI: Bus scan for 0000:00 returning with max=00
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 5 9 10 *11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 5 9 10 *11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5 9 *10 11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5 *9 10 11)
Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
pnp: PnP ACPI init
ACPI: bus type pnp registered
pnp: PnP ACPI: found 4 devices
ACPI: ACPI bus type pnp unregistered
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
PCI: If a device doesn't work, try "pci=routeirq".  If it helps, post a report
NetLabel: Initializing
NetLabel:  domain hash size = 128
NetLabel:  protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4
NetLabel:  unlabeled traffic allowed by default
Time: tsc clocksource has been installed.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 196608 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 16384 bind 16384)
TCP reno registered
checking if image is initramfs... it is
Freeing initrd memory: 3117k freed
khelper used greatest stack depth: 3068 bytes left
apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16ac)
apm: disabled - APM is not SMP safe.
audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)
audit(1501154495.056:1): initialized
Total HugeTLB memory allocated, 0
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
SELinux:  Registering netfilter hooks
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04ea028 for 0000:00:00.0
Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers.
PCI: Calling quirk c04ea5ce for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04ea0cd for 0000:00:01.0
Activating ISA DMA hang workarounds.
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:02.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:02.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:02.0
Boot video device is 0000:00:02.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:04.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:04.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:04.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:06.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:06.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:06.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:0d.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:0d.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:0d.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:0d.0
pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5
khelper used greatest stack depth: 3036 bytes left
Real Time Clock Driver v1.12ac
Non-volatile memory driver v1.2
Linux agpgart interface v0.102
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 16384K size 1024 blocksize
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
PIIX4: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:01.1
PIIX4: chipset revision 1
PIIX4: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
    ide0: BM-DMA at 0xd000-0xd007, BIOS settings: hda:pio, hdb:pio
    ide1: BM-DMA at 0xd008-0xd00f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:pio
Probing IDE interface ide0...
Probing IDE interface ide1...
hdc: VBOX CD-ROM, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
hdc: selected mode 0x42
ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
Probing IDE interface ide0...
ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide
PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:PS2K,PNP0f03:PS2M] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12
serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /class/input/input0
usbcore: registered new interface driver hiddev
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver
TCP bic registered
Initializing XFRM netlink socket
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NET: Registered protocol family 17
Using IPI No-Shortcut mode
Freeing unused kernel memory: 248k freed
Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 666k
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /class/input/input1
ehci_hcd: block sizes: qh 128 qtd 96 itd 192 sitd 96
ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:0b.0[A] -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 16
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:0b.0 to 64
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: EHCI Host Controller
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file 'devices'
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '001'
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: reset hcs_params 0xc dbg=0 cc=0 pcc=0 ordered !ppc ports=12
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: reset hcc_params 0084 caching frame 1024 park
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: park 0
PCI: Enabling Mem-Wr-Inval for device 0000:00:0b.0
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: MWI active
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: irq 16, io mem 0xf0805000
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: reset command 080b02 park=3 ithresh=8 period=1024 Reset HALT
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: init command 010001 (park)=0 ithresh=1 period=1024 RUN
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00, driver 10 Dec 2004
usb usb1: default language 0x0409
usb usb1: new device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
usb usb1: Product: EHCI Host Controller
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.23 ehci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: 0000:00:0b.0
usb usb1: uevent
usb usb1: usb_probe_device
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
usb usb1: adding 1-0:1.0 (config #1, interface 0)
usb 1-0:1.0: uevent
usb 1-0:1.0: uevent
hub 1-0:1.0: usb_probe_interface
hub 1-0:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 12 ports detected
hub 1-0:1.0: standalone hub
hub 1-0:1.0: no power switching (usb 1.0)
hub 1-0:1.0: individual port over-current protection
hub 1-0:1.0: Single TT
hub 1-0:1.0: TT requires at most 8 FS bit times (666 ns)
hub 1-0:1.0: power on to power good time: 20ms
hub 1-0:1.0: local power source is good
hub 1-0:1.0: trying to enable port power on non-switchable hub
hub 1-0:1.0: state 7 ports 12 chg 0000 evt 0000
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '001'
insmod used greatest stack depth: 2168 bytes left
ohci_hcd: 2006 August 04 USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
ohci_hcd: block sizes: ed 64 td 64
ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:06.0[A] -> GSI 22 (level, low) -> IRQ 17
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:06.0 to 64
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: OHCI Host Controller
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '002'
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: created debug files
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: irq 17, io mem 0xf0804000
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: OHCI controller state
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: OHCI 1.0, NO legacy support registers
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: control 0x283 RWC HCFS=operational CBSR=3
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: cmdstatus 0x00000 SOC=0
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: intrstatus 0x00000000
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: intrenable 0x8000005a MIE RHSC UE RD WDH
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: hcca frame #0001
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.a 0000020c POTPGT=0 NPS NDP=12(12)
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.b 00000000 PPCM=0000 DR=0000
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.status 00008000 DRWE
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [0] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [1] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [2] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [3] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [4] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [5] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [6] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [7] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [8] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [9] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [10] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [11] 0x00000100 PPS
usb usb2: default language 0x0409
usb usb2: new device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
usb usb2: Product: OHCI Host Controller
usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.23 ohci_hcd
usb usb2: SerialNumber: 0000:00:06.0
usb usb2: uevent
usb usb2: usb_probe_device
usb usb2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
usb usb2: adding 2-0:1.0 (config #1, interface 0)
usb 2-0:1.0: uevent
usb 2-0:1.0: uevent
hub 2-0:1.0: usb_probe_interface
hub 2-0:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id
hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-0:1.0: 12 ports detected
hub 2-0:1.0: standalone hub
hub 2-0:1.0: no power switching (usb 1.0)
hub 2-0:1.0: global over-current protection
hub 2-0:1.0: power on to power good time: 0ms
hub 2-0:1.0: local power source is good
hub 2-0:1.0: no over-current condition exists
hub 2-0:1.0: trying to enable port power on non-switchable hub
hub 2-0:1.0: state 7 ports 12 chg 0000 evt 0000
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '001'
insmod used greatest stack depth: 1920 bytes left
USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v3.0
SCSI subsystem initialized
libata version 2.21 loaded.
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: version 2.3
ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:0d.0[A] -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 18
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: AHCI 0001.0100 32 slots 1 ports 3 Gbps 0x1 impl SATA mode
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: flags: 64bit ncq stag only 
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:0d.0 to 64
scsi0 : ahci
ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xe0840100 ctl 0x00000000 bmdma 0x00000000 irq 18
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: auto-stop root hub
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: ATA-6: VBOX HARDDISK, 1.0, max UDMA/133
ata1.00: 42432512 sectors, multi 128: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ATA      VBOX HARDDISK    1.0  PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
 sda: sda1 sda2
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
insmod used greatest stack depth: 1312 bytes left
device-mapper: ioctl: 4.11.0-ioctl (2006-10-12) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
audit(1501154519.675:2): enforcing=1 old_enforcing=0 auid=4294967295
security:  3 users, 6 roles, 1871 types, 242 bools, 1 sens, 1024 cats
security:  61 classes, 69981 rules
SELinux:  Completing initialization.
SELinux:  Setting up existing superblocks.
SELinux: initialized (dev dm-0, type ext3), uses xattr
SELinux: initialized (dev usbfs, type usbfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev tmpfs, type tmpfs), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev debugfs, type debugfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev selinuxfs, type selinuxfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev mqueue, type mqueue), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev hugetlbfs, type hugetlbfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev devpts, type devpts), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev inotifyfs, type inotifyfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev tmpfs, type tmpfs), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev futexfs, type futexfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev anon_inodefs, type anon_inodefs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev pipefs, type pipefs), uses task SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev sockfs, type sockfs), uses task SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev cpuset, type cpuset), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev proc, type proc), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev bdev, type bdev), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev rootfs, type rootfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev sysfs, type sysfs), uses genfs_contexts
audit(1501154520.016:3): policy loaded auid=4294967295
usb 2-0:1.0: uevent
usb 2-0:1.0: uevent
usb usb2: uevent
usb 1-0:1.0: uevent
usb 1-0:1.0: uevent
usb usb1: uevent
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x4)
ACPI: AC Adapter [AC] (off-line)
input: Power Button (FF) as /class/input/input2
ACPI: Power Button (FF) [PWRF]
input: Sleep Button (FF) as /class/input/input3
ACPI: Sleep Button (FF) [SLPF]
hdc: ATAPI 32X DVD-ROM drive, 128kB Cache, UDMA(33)
Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
ACPI: Battery Slot [BAT0] (battery present)
Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.20-k2-NAPI
Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.0[A] -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 16
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.0 to 64
input: Video Bus as /class/input/input4
ACPI: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes  rom: no  post: no)
e1000: 0000:00:03.0: e1000_probe: (PCI:33MHz:32-bit) 08:00:27:06:6f:35
sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
e1000: eth0: e1000_probe: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
floppy0: no floppy controllers found
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
md: autorun ...
md: ... autorun DONE.
device-mapper: multipath: version 1.0.5 loaded
EXT3 FS on dm-0, internal journal
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS on sda1, internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
SELinux: initialized (dev sda1, type ext3), uses xattr
SELinux: initialized (dev tmpfs, type tmpfs), uses transition SIDs
Adding 1048568k swap on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01.  Priority:-1 extents:1 across:1048568k
SELinux: initialized (dev binfmt_misc, type binfmt_misc), uses genfs_contexts
IA-32 Microcode Update Driver: v1.14a <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x2)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x3c0)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x1c0)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x1f9f)
ata1.00: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x1e1e SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
ata1.00: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x1e1e FIS=00500000:00002161
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:08:e5:d1:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:10:e5:d5:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:18:e5:d9:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/a0:20:e5:dd:38/03:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 cdb 0x0 data 475136 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:48:85:e1:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 9 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:50:85:e5:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 10 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:58:85:e9:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 11 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:60:85:ed:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 12 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: D2H reg with I during NCQ, this message won't be printed again
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH pending after completion, repeating EH (cnt=4)
ata1: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2
ata1: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x0 FIS=00500000:00001e1e
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH complete
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
ata1.00: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x10 SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
ata1.00: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x10 FIS=00500000:00000008
ata1.00: cmd 60/38:20:4d:75:43/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 cdb 0x0 data 28672 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH pending after completion, repeating EH (cnt=4)
ata1: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2
ata1: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x0 FIS=00500000:00000010
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH complete
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x101f3)
ata1.00: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0xc SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
ata1.00: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0xc FIS=00500000:00000003
ata1.00: cmd 60/10:10:fd:e4:52/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 cdb 0x0 data 8192 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/68:18:95:e6:52/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 cdb 0x0 data 53248 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH pending after completion, repeating EH (cnt=4)
ata1: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2
ata1: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x0 FIS=00500000:0000000c
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH complete
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x7083b)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x3f02)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x3000)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x4)
ata1.00: NCQ disabled due to excessive errors
ata1.00: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
ata1.00: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x1 FIS=00500000:0000007c
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:00:35:1f:32/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 cdb 0x0 data 262144 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH pending after completion, repeating EH (cnt=4)
ata1: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2
ata1: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x0 FIS=00500000:00000001
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH complete
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
NET: Registered protocol family 10
lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions
ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
e1000: eth0: e1000_watchdog: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: RX
audit(1501154546.144:4): audit_pid=2195 old=0 by auid=4294967295 subj=system_u:system_r:auditd_t:s0
SELinux: initialized (dev rpc_pipefs, type rpc_pipefs), uses genfs_contexts
Bluetooth: Core ver 2.11
NET: Registered protocol family 31
Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: L2CAP ver 2.8
Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.8
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2
SELinux: initialized (dev autofs, type autofs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev autofs, type autofs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev autofs, type autofs), uses genfs_contexts
[zl@localhost ~]$ 
X86 SMAP(Supervisor Mode Access Prevention)机制引入的内核态访问用户态地址空间的问题分析 本文分析了Linux内核访问用户态地址空间时可能遇到的问题及解决方案。在x86架构下,由于SMAP/SMEP保护机制的存在,内核直接访问用户态地址会触发权限违例异常。内核通过copy_from_user等宏指令配合STAC/CLAC指令临时关闭SMAP保护,或通过修复表机制处理缺页异常。文章详细探讨了异常处理流程,包括修复表的作用和实现方式,以及内核如何区分用户态和内核态的非法地址访问。测试结果表明,开启SMAP时需要调用专用API访问用户空间,而关闭SMAP后可直接访问。文章还比较了不同架构下的实现差异, 阅读详情

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配置环境:gentooACCEPT_KEYWORDS="X86 ~x86"原内核版本2.6.39新内核版本3.0-rc2硬件:ACER4810tgz     U4100     双显卡(Inter  AMD4330)选择内核选项CPU选择core2  (因为U4100在指令集上和core2一致)选上自己的显卡文件系统kernel默认是ext3,我用的是ext4,

DAHZG的专栏 1632

高通平台WIFI学习-- WCN7851 三频 2X2 MIMO DBS HBS Wi-Fi 7介绍

WCN7851是支持Wi-Fi 7和蓝牙5.4的三频SoC芯片,具有以下核心特性:采用NSP334封装,支持2.4GHz/5GHz/6GHz三频段并发操作,最高速率达5.8Gbps;集成MU-MIMO、4096QAM调制技术,6GHz频段支持320MHz带宽;提供PCIe Gen3接口和低功耗设计,兼容多种无线标准。电气特性包括1.8V/1.2V可编程GPIO、76.8MHz时钟源要求,以及详细的射频性能参数。该芯片通过多链路操作和动态频率选择等先进功能,实现高性能无线连接。

专业开发者的博客,一个从事Android WiFi和蓝牙的工程师 1278

Linux内核(Kernel)启动过程分析

Linux内核(Kernel)启动过程

Android应用开发工程师 2277

【论文汇总】Diffusion Models视频生成/视频编辑/可控视频生成/跨模态视频生成

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沉迷单车的追风少年 1674

笔试题-2023-乐鑫-数字IC设计【纯净题目版】

笔试题-2023-乐鑫-数字IC设计【纯净题目版】

w0shishabi的博客 1779

Linux内核Kernel启动过程

减少存储空间: 压缩内核映像可以显著减少其在存储设备上的占用空间。这对嵌入式系统、存储资源有限的设备以及需要快速分发和更新内核的环境尤其重要加快加载速度: 压缩文件占用的空间更小,这意味着启动加载程序从磁盘读取文件到内存中的时间会更短。虽然解压缩内核映像需要一些时间,但现代处理器的解压缩速度非常快,通常解压缩的时间比从存储设备读取更多数据的时间要少。这会整体上加快启动过程。提高传输效率: 在网络上传输内核映像时,压缩文件可以显著减少带宽使用量。这对于需要远程更新内核的系统(OTA)非常有利。

weixin_60669486的博客 3546

VC中sqlite的使用

在VC中对sqlite的使用,实现数据库大批数据的快速插入,读取数据库中的数据在ListCtrl中显示

移动操作系统内核分析--启动内核线程并打印信息

完成目标 在实验二的系统调用处理函数中启动一个内核线程,在线程中打印以下信息: - 执行系统调用的进程的ID号 - 分行打印系统中所有内核线程的信息:线程ID、父进程ID、运行状态、名称、用户ID(每一行打印一个内核线程的信息),代码逻辑及编码风格 一、实现实验效果的源代码图:(在sys_x86_64.c 里面修改) 代码路径:path/to/linux/arch/x86/kern...

hws666的博客 2055

深度学习工具包 DeepLearningToolbox

深度学习工具包Deprecation notice.-----This toolbox is outdated and no longer maintained.There are much better tools available for deep learning than this toolbox, e.g. [Theano](http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/), [torch](http://torch.ch/) or [tensorflow](http://www.tensorflow.org/)I would suggest you use one of the tools mentioned above rather than use this toolbox.Best, Rasmus.DeepLearnToolbox================A Matlab toolbox for Deep Learning.Deep Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning deep hierarchical models of data.It is inspired by the human brain's apparent deep (layered, hierarchical) architecture.A good overview of the theory of Deep Learning theory is[Learning Deep Architectures for AI](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~bengioy/papers/ftml_book.pdf)For a more informal introduction, see the following videos by Geoffrey Hinton and Andrew Ng.* [The Next Generation of Neural Networks](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M) (Hinton, 2007)* [Recent Developments in Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdIURAu1-aU) (Hinton, 2010)* [Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmNOAtZIgIk) (Ng, 2011)If you use this toolbox in your research please cite [Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data](http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6284)```@MASTERSTHESIS\{IMM2012-06284, author = "R. B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012",}```Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot comDirectories included in the toolbox-----------------------------------`NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks`CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks`DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks`SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders`CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders`util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries`data/` - Data used by the examples`tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is workingFor references on each library check REFS.mdSetup-----1. Download.2. addpath(genpath('DeepLearnToolbox'));Example: Deep Belief Network---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_DBNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit RBM and visualize its weightsrand('state',0)dbn.sizes = [100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);figure; visualize(dbn.rbm{1}.W'); % Visualize the RBM weights%% ex2 train a 100-100 hidden unit DBN and use its weights to initialize a NNrand('state',0)%train dbndbn.sizes = [100 100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);%unfold dbn to nnnn = dbnunfoldtonn(dbn, 10);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';%train nnopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.10, 'Too big error');```Example: Stacked Auto-Encoders---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_SAEload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x)/255;test_x = double(test_x)/255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit SDAE and use it to initialize a FFNN% Setup and train a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE)rand('state',0)sae = saesetup([784 100]);sae.ae{1}.activation_function = 'sigm';sae.ae{1}.learningRate = 1;sae.ae{1}.inputZeroMaskedFraction = 0.5;opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;sae = saetrain(sae, train_x, opts);visualize(sae.ae{1}.W{1}(:,2:end)')% Use the SDAE to initialize a FFNNnn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';nn.learningRate = 1;nn.W{1} = sae.ae{1}.W{1};% Train the FFNNopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.16, 'Too big error');```Example: Convolutional Neural Nets---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_CNNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255;test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255;train_y = double(train_y');test_y = double(test_y');%% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network %will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. %With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% errorrand('state',0)cnn.layers = { struct('type', 'i') %input layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer};cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y);opts.alpha = 1;opts.batchsize = 50;opts.numepochs = 1;cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y);%plot mean squared errorfigure; plot(cnn.rL);assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error');```Example: Neural Networks---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_NNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);% normalize[train_x, mu, sigma] = zscore(train_x);test_x = normalize(test_x, mu, sigma);%% ex1 vanilla neural netrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples[nn, L] = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.08, 'Too big error');%% ex2 neural net with L2 weight decayrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.weightPenaltyL2 = 1e-4; % L2 weight decayopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex3 neural net with dropoutrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.dropoutFraction = 0.5; % Dropout fraction opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex4 neural net with sigmoid activation functionrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; % Sigmoid activation functionnn.learningRate = 1; % Sigm require a lower learning rateopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex5 plotting functionalityrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]);opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through datann.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex6 neural net with sigmoid activation and plotting of validation and training error% split training data into training and validation datavx = train_x(1:10000,:);tx = train_x(10001:end,:);vy = train_y(1:10000,:);ty = train_y(10001:end,:);rand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")

Outlook Express 6 (OE6) for Win7/Win8/Win10

英文版 Outlook Express6.0, 兼容Win7/Win10/WinXP,解压就可用。

x86汇编--微内核设计

微内核程序:微内核程序就稍微复杂点了,还是按步骤分析下:1、设计一个打印例程,就是把字符串打印到屏幕终端,用来显示一些提示信息;2、后面都是用来加载用户程序了,其实说到底微内核就是为各个用户程序提供环境,和加载执行用户程序,不过这简单的里面却还是比较复杂的;3、首先只加载用户程序的头部程序到内核临时内存中,然后分析整个用户程序的大小,最后把所有的用户程序都加载到指定位置;4、在上一步中还漏了一步,就是当指定用户程序大小后,需要向内核申请一个同样大小的空间用来存放它。其实这就是简单内存管理;5、开始为用户程序

YuZhiHui_No1的专栏 1920

汉书HE8,好用的汇编代码编写工具

汉书HE8,好用的汇编代码编写工具早期编写汇编代码所用功能强大

跟踪分析Linux内核的启动过程

跟踪分析一个简单的Linux内核启动过程,理解操作系统是怎么启动的。

on_fighting的专栏 1288

Linux 内核启动过程分析

 0 引言从嵌入式系统到超级服务站,Linux 已获得广泛的应用。Linux 是一个完整通用的Unix 类分布式操作系统,它的结构紧凑、功能强、效率高、可移植性好且在Internet 上可自由取用。Linux 和Unix 操作系统一样,操作系统的主要功能集中在内核,内核中包含进程管理、文件管理、设备管理和网络管理等部分。本文深入探讨Linux 操作系统内核的启动过程,希望对Linux

shh110的专栏 1820

基于x86体系结构分析linux的启动过程

仅考虑32位体系结构 不考虑多核多处理器 要求1:分析流程按照开机-->BIOS-->grub-->Linux的顺序进行,到start_kernel结束   第一步——>加载BIOS:   打开计算机电源后,计算机会首先加载BIOS信息,这是因为BIOS中包含了CPU的相关信息、设备启动顺序信息、硬盘信息、内存信息、时钟信息、PnP特性等等。BIOS所做的工作如下: 1.检测连接硬

浮生如梦 1619

Linux内核启动流程

要分析 Linux 启动流程,同样需要先编译一下 Linux 源码,因为有很多文件是需要编译才会生成的。首先分析 Linux 内核的连接脚本文件 arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds,通过链接脚本可以找到 Linux 内核的第一行程序是从哪里执行的。看完 Linux 内核的顶层 Makefile 以后再来看 Linux 内核的大致启动流程,Linux 内核的启动流程要比 uboot 复杂的多,涉及到的内容也更多,因此本章我们就大致的了解一下 Linux 内核的启动流程。

qq_28576837的博客 682

x86架构芯片启动过程分析

(1)有重装过电脑Windows系统经历的博友应该知道,重装过程就是制作一个启动U盘,从U盘启动然后去烧录硬盘;(2)启动U盘里是一个完整的系统,在启动后能识别硬盘并且能把系统烧录到硬盘里,经过烧录后,硬盘里也有一个完整的系统,只需要修改启动顺序,这样电脑每次都从硬盘启动,这时候就不需要U盘了;(3)下面介绍的脚本,就是启动U盘里用于烧录系统到硬盘/SSD的过程;

weixin_42031299的博客 1145

Linux内核引导x86平台分析

标志位 */ movw {1}lt;font color="#2040a0">bugger_off_msg, %si /* 要打印信息的地址放到%si当中,为下面lodsb作准备 */ msg_loop: lodsb /* 取字节字符串指令 ds:si Byte -> al */ andb %al, %al/* 测试是否是字符串结尾 */ jz bs_die /* 是则跳到下面的bs_

217

Linux内核启动分析(中)

Linux内核启动分析(中) 0. linux-3.2.0-32 1. bzImage由setup和vmlinux两部分组成,setup是实模式下的代码,vmlinux是保护模式下的代码。 2. BIOS把Boot Loader加载到0x7C00的地方并跳转到这里继续执行之后,BootLoader就会把实模式代码setup加载到0x07C00之上的某个地址上,其中setup的前512个字节是

每一天为明天@liitokala 2914
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