x86内存分析

WinDbg使用教程:x86内存分析实战案例解析 通过真实案例深入讲解windbg使用教程中的关键技巧,聚焦x86架构下的内存问题排查,帮助开发者掌握崩溃分析与内存泄漏定位的核心方法。 阅读详情

default_machine_specific_memory_setup

 

自己的虚拟机的初始化messages

[zl@localhost ~]$ dmesg
Linux version 2.6.23 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #3 SMP Fri Apr 28 22:41:18 CST 2017
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
 BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fff0000 (usable)
 BIOS-e820: 000000001fff0000 - 0000000020000000 (ACPI data)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec01000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000fffc0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
511MB LOWMEM available.
found SMP MP-table at 0009fff0
Entering add_active_range(0, 0, 131056) 0 entries of 256 used
Zone PFN ranges:
  DMA             0 ->     4096
  Normal       4096 ->   131056
  HighMem    131056 ->   131056
Movable zone start PFN for each node
early_node_map[1] active PFN ranges
    0:        0 ->   131056
On node 0 totalpages: 131056
  DMA zone: 32 pages used for memmap
  DMA zone: 0 pages reserved
  DMA zone: 4064 pages, LIFO batch:0
  Normal zone: 991 pages used for memmap
  Normal zone: 125969 pages, LIFO batch:31
  HighMem zone: 0 pages used for memmap
  Movable zone: 0 pages used for memmap
DMI 2.5 present.
Using APIC driver default
ACPI: RSDP 000E0000, 0024 (r2 VBOX  )
ACPI: XSDT 1FFF0030, 003C (r1 VBOX   VBOXXSDT        1 ASL        61)
ACPI: FACP 1FFF00F0, 00F4 (r4 VBOX   VBOXFACP        1 ASL        61)
ACPI: DSDT 1FFF0480, 210F (r1 VBOX   VBOXBIOS        2 INTL 20100528)
ACPI: FACS 1FFF0200, 0040
ACPI: APIC 1FFF0240, 006C (r2 VBOX   VBOXAPIC        1 ASL        61)
ACPI: SSDT 1FFF02B0, 01CC (r1 VBOX   VBOXCPUT        2 INTL 20100528)
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x4008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Processor #0 7:7 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)
Processor #1 7:7 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x02] lapic_id[0x02] enabled)
Processor #2 7:7 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x03] lapic_id[0x03] enabled)
Processor #3 7:7 APIC version 20
ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x04] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 4, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
ACPI: IRQ0 used by override.
ACPI: IRQ2 used by override.
ACPI: IRQ9 used by override.
Enabling APIC mode:  Flat.  Using 1 I/O APICs
Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
Allocating PCI resources starting at 30000000 (gap: 20000000:dec00000)
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order.  Total pages: 130033
Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet
mapped APIC to ffffb000 (fee00000)
mapped IOAPIC to ffffa000 (fec00000)
Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
Initializing CPU#0
CPU 0 irqstacks, hard=c076e000 soft=c074e000
PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 11, 8192 bytes)
Detected 1335.550 MHz processor.
Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
console [tty0] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Memory: 511756k/524224k available (2168k kernel code, 11916k reserved, 932k data, 248k init, 0k highmem)
virtual kernel memory layout:
    fixmap  : 0xffc54000 - 0xfffff000   (3756 kB)
    pkmap   : 0xff800000 - 0xffc00000   (4096 kB)
    vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xff7fe000   ( 495 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xdfff0000   ( 511 MB)
      .init : 0xc070d000 - 0xc074b000   ( 248 kB)
      .data : 0xc061e0fc - 0xc07074a4   ( 932 kB)
      .text : 0xc0400000 - 0xc061e0fc   (2168 kB)
Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.
Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 2683.45 BogoMIPS (lpj=1341726)
Security Framework v1.0.0 initialized
SELinux:  Initializing.
SELinux:  Starting in permissive mode
selinux_register_security:  Registering secondary module capability
Capability LSM initialized as secondary
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000000 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 24K
CPU: L2 cache: 1024K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 0
CPU: After all inits, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000140 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.
Compat vDSO mapped to ffffe000.
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
SMP alternatives: switching to UP code
ACPI: Core revision 20070126
CPU0: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU  Z3735F @ 1.33GHz stepping 08
SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code
Booting processor 1/1 eip 3000
CPU 1 irqstacks, hard=c076f000 soft=c074f000
Initializing CPU#1
Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 2670.45 BogoMIPS (lpj=1335229)
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000000 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 24K
CPU: L2 cache: 1024K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 1
CPU: After all inits, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000140 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#1.
CPU1: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU  Z3735F @ 1.33GHz stepping 08
SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code
Booting processor 2/2 eip 3000
CPU 2 irqstacks, hard=c0770000 soft=c0750000
Initializing CPU#2
Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 2673.32 BogoMIPS (lpj=1336663)
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000000 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 24K
CPU: L2 cache: 1024K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 2
CPU: After all inits, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000140 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#2.
CPU2: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU  Z3735F @ 1.33GHz stepping 08
SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code
Booting processor 3/3 eip 3000
CPU 3 irqstacks, hard=c0771000 soft=c0751000
Initializing CPU#3
Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 2649.29 BogoMIPS (lpj=1324648)
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000000 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 24K
CPU: L2 cache: 1024K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 3
CPU: After all inits, caps: 178bfbff 08100000 00000000 00000140 42d82203 00000000 00000101 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#3.
CPU3: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU  Z3735F @ 1.33GHz stepping 08
Total of 4 processors activated (10676.53 BogoMIPS).
ENABLING IO-APIC IRQs
..TIMER: vector=0x31 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1
checking TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#1]: passed.
checking TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#2]: passed.
checking TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#3]: passed.
Brought up 4 CPUs
khelper used greatest stack depth: 3256 bytes left
khelper used greatest stack depth: 3220 bytes left
NET: Registered protocol family 16
No dock devices found.
ACPI: bus type pci registered
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfda26, last bus=0
PCI: Using configuration type 1
Setting up standard PCI resources
ACPI: EC: Look up EC in DSDT
ACPI: Interpreter enabled
ACPI: (supports S0 S1 S5)
ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (0000:00)
PCI: Scanning bus 0000:00
PCI: Found 0000:00:00.0 [8086/1237] 000600 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:01.0 [8086/7000] 000601 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:01.1 [8086/7111] 000101 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Found 0000:00:02.0 [80ee/beef] 000300 00
PCI: Found 0000:00:03.0 [8086/100e] 000200 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:04.0 [80ee/cafe] 000880 00
PCI: Found 0000:00:06.0 [106b/003f] 000c03 00
PCI: Found 0000:00:07.0 [8086/7113] 000680 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05a55d1 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eaf42 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI quirk: region 4000-403f claimed by PIIX4 ACPI
PCI quirk: region 4100-410f claimed by PIIX4 SMB
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd77 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:0b.0 [8086/265c] 000c03 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Found 0000:00:0d.0 [8086/2829] 000106 00
PCI: Calling quirk c05afd82 for 0000:00:0d.0
PCI: Fixups for bus 0000:00
PCI: Bus scan for 0000:00 returning with max=00
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 5 9 10 *11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 5 9 10 *11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5 9 *10 11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5 *9 10 11)
Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
pnp: PnP ACPI init
ACPI: bus type pnp registered
pnp: PnP ACPI: found 4 devices
ACPI: ACPI bus type pnp unregistered
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
PCI: If a device doesn't work, try "pci=routeirq".  If it helps, post a report
NetLabel: Initializing
NetLabel:  domain hash size = 128
NetLabel:  protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4
NetLabel:  unlabeled traffic allowed by default
Time: tsc clocksource has been installed.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 196608 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 16384 bind 16384)
TCP reno registered
checking if image is initramfs... it is
Freeing initrd memory: 3117k freed
khelper used greatest stack depth: 3068 bytes left
apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16ac)
apm: disabled - APM is not SMP safe.
audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)
audit(1501154495.056:1): initialized
Total HugeTLB memory allocated, 0
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
SELinux:  Registering netfilter hooks
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04ea028 for 0000:00:00.0
Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers.
PCI: Calling quirk c04ea5ce for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:00.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04ea0cd for 0000:00:01.0
Activating ISA DMA hang workarounds.
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:01.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:01.1
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:02.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:02.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:02.0
Boot video device is 0000:00:02.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:03.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:04.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:04.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:04.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:06.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:06.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:06.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:07.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:0b.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eace8 for 0000:00:0d.0
PCI: Calling quirk c04eb276 for 0000:00:0d.0
PCI: Calling quirk c058a95f for 0000:00:0d.0
PCI: Calling quirk c05b027c for 0000:00:0d.0
pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5
khelper used greatest stack depth: 3036 bytes left
Real Time Clock Driver v1.12ac
Non-volatile memory driver v1.2
Linux agpgart interface v0.102
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 16384K size 1024 blocksize
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
PIIX4: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:01.1
PIIX4: chipset revision 1
PIIX4: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
    ide0: BM-DMA at 0xd000-0xd007, BIOS settings: hda:pio, hdb:pio
    ide1: BM-DMA at 0xd008-0xd00f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:pio
Probing IDE interface ide0...
Probing IDE interface ide1...
hdc: VBOX CD-ROM, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
hdc: selected mode 0x42
ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
Probing IDE interface ide0...
ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide
PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:PS2K,PNP0f03:PS2M] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12
serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /class/input/input0
usbcore: registered new interface driver hiddev
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver
TCP bic registered
Initializing XFRM netlink socket
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NET: Registered protocol family 17
Using IPI No-Shortcut mode
Freeing unused kernel memory: 248k freed
Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 666k
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /class/input/input1
ehci_hcd: block sizes: qh 128 qtd 96 itd 192 sitd 96
ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:0b.0[A] -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 16
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:0b.0 to 64
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: EHCI Host Controller
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file 'devices'
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '001'
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: reset hcs_params 0xc dbg=0 cc=0 pcc=0 ordered !ppc ports=12
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: reset hcc_params 0084 caching frame 1024 park
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: park 0
PCI: Enabling Mem-Wr-Inval for device 0000:00:0b.0
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: MWI active
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: irq 16, io mem 0xf0805000
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: reset command 080b02 park=3 ithresh=8 period=1024 Reset HALT
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: init command 010001 (park)=0 ithresh=1 period=1024 RUN
ehci_hcd 0000:00:0b.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00, driver 10 Dec 2004
usb usb1: default language 0x0409
usb usb1: new device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
usb usb1: Product: EHCI Host Controller
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.23 ehci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: 0000:00:0b.0
usb usb1: uevent
usb usb1: usb_probe_device
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
usb usb1: adding 1-0:1.0 (config #1, interface 0)
usb 1-0:1.0: uevent
usb 1-0:1.0: uevent
hub 1-0:1.0: usb_probe_interface
hub 1-0:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 12 ports detected
hub 1-0:1.0: standalone hub
hub 1-0:1.0: no power switching (usb 1.0)
hub 1-0:1.0: individual port over-current protection
hub 1-0:1.0: Single TT
hub 1-0:1.0: TT requires at most 8 FS bit times (666 ns)
hub 1-0:1.0: power on to power good time: 20ms
hub 1-0:1.0: local power source is good
hub 1-0:1.0: trying to enable port power on non-switchable hub
hub 1-0:1.0: state 7 ports 12 chg 0000 evt 0000
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '001'
insmod used greatest stack depth: 2168 bytes left
ohci_hcd: 2006 August 04 USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
ohci_hcd: block sizes: ed 64 td 64
ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:06.0[A] -> GSI 22 (level, low) -> IRQ 17
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:06.0 to 64
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: OHCI Host Controller
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '002'
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: created debug files
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: irq 17, io mem 0xf0804000
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: OHCI controller state
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: OHCI 1.0, NO legacy support registers
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: control 0x283 RWC HCFS=operational CBSR=3
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: cmdstatus 0x00000 SOC=0
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: intrstatus 0x00000000
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: intrenable 0x8000005a MIE RHSC UE RD WDH
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: hcca frame #0001
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.a 0000020c POTPGT=0 NPS NDP=12(12)
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.b 00000000 PPCM=0000 DR=0000
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.status 00008000 DRWE
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [0] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [1] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [2] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [3] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [4] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [5] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [6] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [7] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [8] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [9] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [10] 0x00000100 PPS
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: roothub.portstatus [11] 0x00000100 PPS
usb usb2: default language 0x0409
usb usb2: new device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
usb usb2: Product: OHCI Host Controller
usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.23 ohci_hcd
usb usb2: SerialNumber: 0000:00:06.0
usb usb2: uevent
usb usb2: usb_probe_device
usb usb2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
usb usb2: adding 2-0:1.0 (config #1, interface 0)
usb 2-0:1.0: uevent
usb 2-0:1.0: uevent
hub 2-0:1.0: usb_probe_interface
hub 2-0:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id
hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-0:1.0: 12 ports detected
hub 2-0:1.0: standalone hub
hub 2-0:1.0: no power switching (usb 1.0)
hub 2-0:1.0: global over-current protection
hub 2-0:1.0: power on to power good time: 0ms
hub 2-0:1.0: local power source is good
hub 2-0:1.0: no over-current condition exists
hub 2-0:1.0: trying to enable port power on non-switchable hub
hub 2-0:1.0: state 7 ports 12 chg 0000 evt 0000
drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '001'
insmod used greatest stack depth: 1920 bytes left
USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v3.0
SCSI subsystem initialized
libata version 2.21 loaded.
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: version 2.3
ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:0d.0[A] -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 18
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: AHCI 0001.0100 32 slots 1 ports 3 Gbps 0x1 impl SATA mode
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: flags: 64bit ncq stag only 
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:0d.0 to 64
scsi0 : ahci
ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xe0840100 ctl 0x00000000 bmdma 0x00000000 irq 18
ohci_hcd 0000:00:06.0: auto-stop root hub
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: ATA-6: VBOX HARDDISK, 1.0, max UDMA/133
ata1.00: 42432512 sectors, multi 128: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ATA      VBOX HARDDISK    1.0  PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
 sda: sda1 sda2
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
insmod used greatest stack depth: 1312 bytes left
device-mapper: ioctl: 4.11.0-ioctl (2006-10-12) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
audit(1501154519.675:2): enforcing=1 old_enforcing=0 auid=4294967295
security:  3 users, 6 roles, 1871 types, 242 bools, 1 sens, 1024 cats
security:  61 classes, 69981 rules
SELinux:  Completing initialization.
SELinux:  Setting up existing superblocks.
SELinux: initialized (dev dm-0, type ext3), uses xattr
SELinux: initialized (dev usbfs, type usbfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev tmpfs, type tmpfs), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev debugfs, type debugfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev selinuxfs, type selinuxfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev mqueue, type mqueue), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev hugetlbfs, type hugetlbfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev devpts, type devpts), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev inotifyfs, type inotifyfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev tmpfs, type tmpfs), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev futexfs, type futexfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev anon_inodefs, type anon_inodefs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev pipefs, type pipefs), uses task SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev sockfs, type sockfs), uses task SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev cpuset, type cpuset), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev proc, type proc), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev bdev, type bdev), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev rootfs, type rootfs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev sysfs, type sysfs), uses genfs_contexts
audit(1501154520.016:3): policy loaded auid=4294967295
usb 2-0:1.0: uevent
usb 2-0:1.0: uevent
usb usb2: uevent
usb 1-0:1.0: uevent
usb 1-0:1.0: uevent
usb usb1: uevent
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x4)
ACPI: AC Adapter [AC] (off-line)
input: Power Button (FF) as /class/input/input2
ACPI: Power Button (FF) [PWRF]
input: Sleep Button (FF) as /class/input/input3
ACPI: Sleep Button (FF) [SLPF]
hdc: ATAPI 32X DVD-ROM drive, 128kB Cache, UDMA(33)
Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
ACPI: Battery Slot [BAT0] (battery present)
Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.20-k2-NAPI
Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.0[A] -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 16
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.0 to 64
input: Video Bus as /class/input/input4
ACPI: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes  rom: no  post: no)
e1000: 0000:00:03.0: e1000_probe: (PCI:33MHz:32-bit) 08:00:27:06:6f:35
sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
e1000: eth0: e1000_probe: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
floppy0: no floppy controllers found
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
md: autorun ...
md: ... autorun DONE.
device-mapper: multipath: version 1.0.5 loaded
EXT3 FS on dm-0, internal journal
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS on sda1, internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
SELinux: initialized (dev sda1, type ext3), uses xattr
SELinux: initialized (dev tmpfs, type tmpfs), uses transition SIDs
Adding 1048568k swap on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01.  Priority:-1 extents:1 across:1048568k
SELinux: initialized (dev binfmt_misc, type binfmt_misc), uses genfs_contexts
IA-32 Microcode Update Driver: v1.14a <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x2)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x3c0)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x1c0)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x1f9f)
ata1.00: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x1e1e SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
ata1.00: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x1e1e FIS=00500000:00002161
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:08:e5:d1:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:10:e5:d5:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:18:e5:d9:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/a0:20:e5:dd:38/03:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 cdb 0x0 data 475136 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:48:85:e1:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 9 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:50:85:e5:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 10 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:58:85:e9:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 11 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:60:85:ed:38/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 12 cdb 0x0 data 524288 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: D2H reg with I during NCQ, this message won't be printed again
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH pending after completion, repeating EH (cnt=4)
ata1: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2
ata1: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x0 FIS=00500000:00001e1e
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH complete
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
ata1.00: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x10 SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
ata1.00: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x10 FIS=00500000:00000008
ata1.00: cmd 60/38:20:4d:75:43/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 cdb 0x0 data 28672 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH pending after completion, repeating EH (cnt=4)
ata1: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2
ata1: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x0 FIS=00500000:00000010
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH complete
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x101f3)
ata1.00: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0xc SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
ata1.00: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0xc FIS=00500000:00000003
ata1.00: cmd 60/10:10:fd:e4:52/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 cdb 0x0 data 8192 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1.00: cmd 60/68:18:95:e6:52/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 cdb 0x0 data 53248 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH pending after completion, repeating EH (cnt=4)
ata1: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2
ata1: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x0 FIS=00500000:0000000c
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH complete
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x7083b)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x3f02)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x3000)
ata1: spurious interrupt (irq_stat 0x0 active_tag 0xfafbfcfd sactive 0x4)
ata1.00: NCQ disabled due to excessive errors
ata1.00: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
ata1.00: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x1 FIS=00500000:0000007c
ata1.00: cmd 60/00:00:35:1f:32/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 cdb 0x0 data 262144 in
         res 00/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x2 (HSM violation)
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH pending after completion, repeating EH (cnt=4)
ata1: exception Emask 0x2 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2
ata1: spurious completions during NCQ issue=0x0 SAct=0x0 FIS=00500000:00000001
ata1: soft resetting port
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
ata1: EH complete
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 42432512 512-byte hardware sectors (21725 MB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
NET: Registered protocol family 10
lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions
ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
e1000: eth0: e1000_watchdog: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: RX
audit(1501154546.144:4): audit_pid=2195 old=0 by auid=4294967295 subj=system_u:system_r:auditd_t:s0
SELinux: initialized (dev rpc_pipefs, type rpc_pipefs), uses genfs_contexts
Bluetooth: Core ver 2.11
NET: Registered protocol family 31
Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: L2CAP ver 2.8
Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.8
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2
SELinux: initialized (dev autofs, type autofs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev autofs, type autofs), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev autofs, type autofs), uses genfs_contexts
[zl@localhost ~]$ 

Linux之内核内存属性代码分析(x86,ARM64,RISC-V) 不同的处理器架构有不同的内存属性(memory type)及不同的行为。为了便于理解和使用,Linux内核在处理器架构的基础上抽象了一套软件接口,定义了noncached、writecombine、writethrough、device等通用的内存属性接口。内核开发者直接使用即可,不需要关注具体处理器架构的内存属性。 阅读详情

相关推荐

深入解析MemoryAnalyzer.x86_64:JVM内存分析工具使用指南

Java虚拟机(JVM)内存管理是Java应用的核心组成部分,它负责分配和回收内存资源。JVM内存主要分为五个部分:堆(Heap)、方法区(Method Area)、虚拟机栈(VM Stack)、本地方法栈(Native Method Stack)和程序计数器(Program Counter)。MAT(Memory Analyzer Tool)是一款功能强大的内存分析工具,它是Eclipse的插件,但也可以独立运行。首先,需要从官方网站下载对应的安装包,选择适合操作系统版本的x86_64版本进行安装。

weixin_35414484的博客 382

... used greatest stack depth: xxx bytes left

配置“CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE”, 将让内核监视栈的使用(打印最大栈深度),并通过sysrq按键输出一些统计信息。 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE static void check_stack_usage(void) { static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(low_water_lock); static int lowest_to_date = THREAD_SIZE; unsigned long free; free = sta

furongwei123的博客 2225

STM32H7串口DMA避坑指南:如何解决RT-Thread默认驱动不支持的问题

本文针对STM32H7在RT-Thread系统中启用串口DMA时遇到的驱动不支持问题,提供了详细的解决方案。通过分析问题根源,指导修改驱动代码以适配H7的DMA Stream架构,并调整内存配置确保DMA可访问性,最终实现稳定高效的串口DMA通信。

weixin_29179311的博客 424

linux 驱动开发调试问题

1 .驱动文件编译问题 1.1 multiple definition of XXX 分析

liujiaoyage的专栏 1592

openai联合创始人用1000行纯C语言手搓的GPT-2训练代码

不久之前,特斯拉前 AI 总监、OpenAI 联合创始人 Andrej Karpathy 在社交媒体平台 X 上高调宣布,他友好地从 OpenAI 离职,未来将专注于“个人项目”,而后又口口声声说要尝试性地戒掉上网两周,去了 Bhutan(不丹王国)休假。然后就手搓如下代码,我们一起来欣赏.这段代码是一个GPT-2模型的训练实现,包括前向传播、后向传播、参数更新等过程。代码中包含了注释,解释了每个函数和代码块的作用。此外,还有一些辅助函数和结构体,用于数据加载、随机数生成和模型的初始化与释放。这个训练循环还

zhangzhechun的专栏 1214

力扣(Leetcode)第1题:两数之和(C语言版本)

题目: 给定一个整数数组 nums 和一个整数目标值 target,请你在该数组中找出和为目标值 target 的那两个整数,并返回它们的数组下标。 你可以假设每种输入只会对应一个答案。但是,数组中同一个元素在答案里不能重复出现。 你可以按任意顺序返回答案。 示例 1: 输入:nums = [2,7,11,15], target = 9 输出:[0,1] 解释:因为 nums[0] + nums[1] == 9 ,返回 [0, 1] 。 示例 2: 输入:nums = [3,2,4], target = 6

qq_39855356的博客 3318

Gentoo 下编译linux kernel 3.0

配置环境:gentooACCEPT_KEYWORDS="X86 ~x86"原内核版本2.6.39新内核版本3.0-rc2硬件:ACER4810tgz     U4100     双显卡(Inter  AMD4330)选择内核选项CPU选择core2  (因为U4100在指令集上和core2一致)选上自己的显卡文件系统kernel默认是ext3,我用的是ext4,

DAHZG的专栏 1632

利用pytorch长短期记忆网络LSTM实现股票预测分析

长短时记忆网络(Long Short Term Memory Network, LSTM),是一种改进之后的循环神经网络,可以解决RNN无法处理长距离的依赖的问题,目前比较流行。LSTM主要就是加入了三个门控:第一个开关遗忘门:负责控制继续保存长期状态c;第二个开关输入门:负责控制把即时状态输入到长期状态c;第三个开关输出门:负责控制是否把长期状态c作为当前的LSTM的输出。

优快云 精品推荐 1万+

linux stack usage debug

from:https://elinux.org/Kernel_Small_Stacks 静态检查elf的栈使用空间用kernel自带的checkstack.pl 静态检查elf的调用深度第三方工具stack_size 动态查看每个task的栈空间使用状况使用kernel config :CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE 详情如下: checkstack.pl The k...

shenhuxi_yu的专栏 1919

【ROS2】手眼标定:moveit2_handeye_calib使用详解

moveit2_handeye_calib MoveIt2 官方的 手眼标定功能包,包含标定插件、图形化界面和示例程序。提供基于 ArUco/ChArUco 标定板的采集与求解功能。标定板下载aruco在线生成器。

郭老二 248

Windows Docker Desktop部署MaxKB详细教程

MaxKB(Max Knowledge Base)是一款基于大语言模型(LLM)和检索增强生成(RAG)技术的开源知识库问答系统,旨在帮助企业、教育机构及研究组织高效管理知识并提供智能问答服务。

猿小白的博客 1375

Linux内存管理 (22)内存检测技术(slub_debug/kmemleak/kasan)

Linux常见的内存访问错误有: 越界访问(out of bounds) 访问已经释放的内存(use after free) 重复释放 内存泄露(memory leak) 栈溢出(stack overflow) 不同的工具有不同的侧重点,本章主要从slub_debug、kmemleak、kasan三个工具介绍。 kmemleak侧重于内存泄露问题发现。 slub_debug和kasan有一定的重复,部分slub_debug问题需要借助slabinfo去发现;kasan更快,所有问题独立上

铁匠的七寸宫 2124

MATLAB - 机械臂手眼标定(眼在手内) - 估计安装在机器人上的移动相机的姿态

执行手眼校准有助于操作配备末端执行器(简称 “手”)的机械臂,该末端执行器依赖于摄像头提供的视觉数据。一旦完成了眼在手外的校准,机械臂就能准确地移动到摄像头识别的特定像素位置。这种能力是执行精确拾放任务(如分类、堆垛和分拣)的基础,即使在摄像机的确切位置和方向未知的情况下也是如此。机器人-摄像机系统有两种构型:眼在手内和眼在手外。在眼在手内构型中,摄像头直接安装在机器人手臂的末端执行器上。相反,在眼在手的构型中,摄像头固定在一个静止的物体上,机器人手臂在其视野内。

机器人控制与仿真应用 3352

arm架构的pod会比x86架构占用的内存多?记录一次内存分析过程

对于pod,exec OOMScore 的取值范围为 [-1000, 1000],Guaranteed pod 的默认值为 -998,Burstable pod 的值为 2~999,BestEffort pod 的值为 1000,也就是说当系统 OOM 时,首先会 kill 掉 BestEffort pod 的进程,若系统依然处于 OOM 状态,然后才会 kill 掉 Burstable pod,最后是 Guaranteed pod;是容器真实使用的内存量,也是 limit 限制时的 oom 判断依据。

qq_41385137的博客 1057

OpenClaw 超级 AI 实战专栏【实战案例】(五)邮件收发 + 日历日程 + 文件管理一站式搞定

OpenClaw 实现办公自动化核心是模块解耦:邮件收发、文件管理、日历日程各自封装,便于维护和扩展;开发中需重点解决编码兼容、权限配置、时间格式、重复处理四大类坑点,核心思路是 “提前校验 + 异常兜底 + 统一格式”;敏感信息(邮箱密码、API Token)务必通过.env管理,避免硬编码泄露。

qq_36130719的博客 742

VC中sqlite的使用

在VC中对sqlite的使用,实现数据库大批数据的快速插入,读取数据库中的数据在ListCtrl中显示

Linux内核X86、ARM64、RISC-V内存属性代码分析

Normal memory有三种,常用的是MT_NORMAL和MT_NORMAL_NC,MT_NORMAL内存属性读写都有Cache,MT_NORMAL_NC内存属性读写直接访问内存,不经过Cache。使用dma_alloc_coherent分配内存的内存属性在X86和RISC-V架构上为pgprot_noncached,即X86上对应内存属性_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS,RISC-V上对应内存属性_PAGE_IO,在ARM64架构上分配内存的内存属性为MT_NORMAL_NC。

非专业业余程序员 1612

LinePhone3.2.7(android端最新版本) sip客户端

SIP客户端For android:LinePhone3.2.7(最新版本),官网地址:http://www.linphone.org/

linux分析目录内存,在 Linux x86-64 模式下分析内存映射流程

前言在上一篇中我们分析了 Linux 在 x86-32 模式下的虚拟内存映射流程,本章主要继续分析 Linux 在 x86-64 模式下的虚拟内存映射流程。讨论的平台是 x86-64, 也可以称为 AMD64, IA-32e, 是现在广泛使用的 64 位架构,可以向前兼容 16位和 32 位的 x86. 另外一种独立的 64 位架构 IA-64与现有架构不同而且貌似发展不好,一般是接触不到的,我们...

weixin_33464176的博客 237

数学建模模型总结

这是本人在两年内准备参加数学建模竞赛搜集到的模型资料,已经经过了本人的筛选和整理,希望能够对准备参加数学建模竞赛的学弟学妹们提供一些帮助!

IEM模型,地表粗糙度模拟

利用微波反演土壤水分时候,利用IEM模型可以实现对随机地表的模拟

X86 内存布局分析(Memory map)

http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/huangkangying/article/details/8495163 This article describes the contents of the computer's physical memory at the moment that the BIOS jumps to your bootloader code. 本文主要

cassienj的博客 1237

x86使用页表实现虚拟内存原理分析---使用代码分析

x86使用页表实现虚拟内存原理分析---使用代码分析

qq_61585528的博客 1229

在 linux x86-32 模式下分析内存映射流程

前言 虚拟内存机制已经成为了现代操作系统所不可缺少的一部分, 不仅可以为每个程序提供独立的地址空间保证安全性,更可以通过和磁盘的内存交换来提高内存的使用效率。虚拟内存管理作为linux 上的重要组成部分代码非常庞大。这次并不是探明 linux 源码级的内存映射,而是通过实例来验证 x86-32 下的虚拟内存转换流程。 映射流程简述 x86-32 模式下的内存映射分为2部分, 分段和分...

weixin_30376323的博客 87

linux 物理内存映射区,在 Linux x86-32 模式下分析内存映射流程

前言虚拟内存机制已经成为了现代操作系统所不可缺少的一部分, 不仅可以为每个程序提供独立的地址空间保证安全性,更可以通过和磁盘的内存交换来提高内存的使用效率。虚拟内存管理作为Linux 上的重要组成部分代码非常庞大。这次并不是探明 Linux 源码级的内存映射,而是通过实例来验证 x86-32 下的虚拟内存转换流程。映射流程简述x86-32 模式下的内存映射分为2部分, 分段和分页。之所以使用 2 ...

weixin_39880150的博客 244

X86汇编PUSH与POP操作对于变量在内存中高低地址的转换分析

本文解析了x86架构下内存地址与栈操作的核心概念。内存被视作线性空间,低地址对应小数值,高地址对应大数值。栈从高地址向低地址扩展,压栈时栈顶指针esp减小,出栈时增大。通过main调用add函数的示例,展示了参数入栈、返回地址保存和栈帧建立的完整过程,说明栈帧中ebp指向高地址底部,esp指向低地址顶部。文章还指出实际地址受系统、编译器影响,但高低地址关系不变,并强调ebp在逆向分析中定位参数和变量的关键作用。总结三点:1)地址数值决定高低,栈向低地址生长;2)栈帧中ebp和esp分别指向高、低地址;3)函

人工智能全栈工程师 | 智能算法研发与实战落地​专注于人工智能算法研究、代码实现与工程落地,提供从模型设计到部署应用的全流程解决方案。 1041

从段式内存管理到实战调试:深入理解x86保护模式与GDB分析

内存管理是操作系统的核心功能,它负责进程间的内存隔离、保护和高效利用。其基本原理是通过硬件辅助的地址转换机制,将程序使用的逻辑地址映射到物理内存。在x86架构中,这一过程早期通过段式管理实现,它利用段描述符和段选择子定义了内存段的基址、界限和访问权限,为系统提供了关键的保护功能,如特权级检查,这是实现内核态与用户态隔离的基石。尽管现代操作系统如Linux主要采用分页机制以实现更灵活的内存管理和跨平台兼容,但段式管理的保护特性仍是x86安全模型的重要组成部分。理解这些机制对于底层开发、系统调试和性能优化具有重

weixin_30565327的博客 455
上一篇: 信号学习心得 如何模拟发信号给进程
下一篇: x86内核启动分析一 看看打印吧
天麓
博客等级 码龄22年 323粉丝 437原创
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付:10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值