return a tuple

To compute the loss and gradients for a two layer fully connected neural network, we need to perform forward and backward propagation. Forward propagation: 1. Compute the scores for each class by multiplying the input data X with the weight matrix W1 and adding the bias term b1. Then apply ReLU activation function to the result. 2. Compute the scores for each class by multiplying the output of the first layer with the weight matrix W2 and adding the bias term b2. The loss function for a multi-class classification problem is usually the cross-entropy loss. Backward propagation: 1. Compute the gradient of the loss with respect to the scores of the second layer. 2. Compute the gradient of the loss with respect to the parameters of the second layer (W2 and b2). 3. Compute the gradient of the loss with respect to the output of the first layer. 4. Compute the gradient of the loss with respect to the scores of the first layer (taking into account the ReLU activation function). 5. Compute the gradient of the loss with respect to the parameters of the first layer (W1 and b1). Finally, we add the regularization term to the loss and compute the gradients with respect to the regularization term as well. Here's the code: ```python def two_layer_fc(X, params, reg=0.0): W1, b1, W2, b2 = params['W1'], params['b1'], params['W2'], params['b2'] N, D = X.shape scores = None # Forward pass hidden_layer = np.maximum(0, np.dot(X, W1) + b1) # ReLU activation scores = np.dot(hidden_layer, W2) + b2 # If y is not given, return scores if y is None: return scores # Compute the loss and gradients loss = None grads = {} # Compute the loss (data loss and regularization loss) num_classes = W2.shape[1] exp_scores = np.exp(scores) probs = exp_scores / np.sum(exp_scores, axis=1, keepdims=True) correct_logprobs = -np.log(probs[range(N),y]) data_loss = np.sum(correct_logprobs) / N reg_loss = 0.5 * reg * (np.sum(W1*W1) + np.sum(W2*W2)) loss = data_loss + reg_loss # Compute the gradients dscores = probs dscores[range(N),y] -= 1 dscores /= N dW2 = np.dot(hidden_layer.T, dscores) db2 = np.sum(dscores, axis=0, keepdims=True) dhidden = np.dot(dscores, W2.T) dhidden[hidden_layer <= 0] = 0 dW1 = np.dot(X.T, dhidden) db1 = np.sum(dhidden, axis=0, keepdims=True) # Add regularization gradient contribution dW2 += reg * W2 dW1 += reg * W1 # Store gradients in dictionary grads['W1'] = dW1 grads['b1'] = db1 grads['W2'] = dW2 grads['b2'] = db2 return loss, grads ```
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