SSH登陆之忽略known_hosts文件

本文介绍了当遇到SSH登录提示远程主机身份发生变化时的原因及两种解决方案。一种是手动修改~/.ssh/known_hosts文件,另一种是在配置文件中禁用公钥检查。

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   在平时工作中,有时候需要SSH登陆到别的Linux主机上去,但有时候SSH登陆会被禁止,并弹出如下类似提示:


@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 
WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle
 attack)!It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is36:68:a6:e6:43:34:
6b:82:d7:f4:df:1f:c2:e7:37:cc.Please contact your system administrator.Add 
correct host key in /u/xlian008/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending key in /u/xlian008/.ssh/known_hosts:2RSA host key for 135.1.35.130
 has changed and you have requested strict checking.Host key verification failed.


比较奇怪,于是研究了一下。ssh会把你每个你访问过计算机的公钥(public key)都记录在~/.ssh/known_hosts。当下次访问相同计算机时,OpenSSH会核对公钥。如果公钥不同,OpenSSH会发出警告, 避免你受到DNS Hijack之类的攻击。我在上面列出的情况,就是这种情况。
原因:一台主机上有多个Linux系统,会经常切换,那么这些系统使用同一ip,登录过一次后就会把ssh信息记录在本地的~/.ssh/known_hsots文件中,切换该系统后再用ssh访问这台主机就会出现冲突警告,需要手动删除修改known_hsots里面的内容。
有以下两个解决方案:1. 手动删除修改known_hsots里面的内容;2. 修改配置文件“~/.ssh/config”,加上这两行,重启服务器。   StrictHostKeyChecking no   UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
优缺点:1. 需要每次手动删除文件内容,一些自动化脚本的无法运行(在SSH登陆时失败),但是安全性高;2. SSH登陆时会忽略known_hsots的访问,但是安全性低;












                
怎么修改以下sshd_config文件,让其打开ssh连接: # $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.87 2012/07/10 02:19:15 djm Exp $ # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See # sshd_config(5) for more information. # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where # possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the # default value. Port 622 #AddressFamily any #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 #ListenAddress :: # The default requires explicit activation of protocol 1 #Protocol 2 # HostKey for protocol version 1 #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key # HostKeys for protocol version 2 #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key #KeyRegenerationInterval 1h #ServerKeyBits 1024 # Logging # obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging #SyslogFacility AUTH #LogLevel INFO # Authentication: #LoginGraceTime 2m #PermitRootLogin yes #StrictModes yes #MaxAuthTries 6 #MaxSessions 10 #RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes # The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2 # but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys #AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts #RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 #HostbasedAuthentication no # Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for # RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts no # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files #IgnoreRhosts yes # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here! #PasswordAuthentication yes #PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to no to disable s/key passwords #ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes #KerberosGetAFSToken no # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. #UsePAM no #AllowAgentForwarding yes #AllowTcpForwarding yes #GatewayPorts no #X11Forwarding no #X11DisplayOffset 10 #X11UseLocalhost yes #PrintMotd yes #PrintLastLog yes #TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox # Default for new installations. #PermitUserEnvironment no #Compression delayed #ClientAliveInterval 0 #ClientAliveCountMax 3 #UseDNS yes #PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid #MaxStartups 10 #PermitTunnel no #ChrootDirectory none #VersionAddendum none # no default banner path #Banner none # enable DSCP QoS values (per RFC-4594) #IPQoS AF21 AF11 # override default of no subsystems Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/sftp-server # Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis #Match User anoncvs # X11Forwarding no # AllowTcpForwarding no # ForceCommand cvs server
最新发布
06-04
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