Android——service_xxservice$grayinnerservice-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/sapce_fish/article/details/52349982

本文详细介绍Android中的Service组件，包括本地Service和远程Service的区别与使用方法，以及如何通过直接启动和服务绑定来启动Service。此外，还介绍了Service在不同进程中的表现，并提供了一种灰色保活手段以提高Service的生存能力。

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Android Service

android中service主要有本地service(localService)和远程service(remoteService)
启动service的方式主要有直接启动(startService)与绑定启动(bindService)
本文还将介绍一个较为普遍的service灰色保活手段。

demo下载地址：http://download.youkuaiyun.com/detail/sapce_fish/9616181

本地service(localService)
1.编写service类(在service创建后会启动一个线程,模拟在service中的任务)

package com.space.service.local;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.*;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by space on 2016/8/26.
 */
public class LocalService extends Service{
    private final static String TAG = "LocalService";

    private boolean mIsRun;

    private LocalBind mLocalBind;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("space", TAG+"---onBind()");
        return mLocalBind;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onCreate() Process.myPid=" + android.os.Process.myPid());
        startDownload();
        mLocalBind = new LocalBind();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onStartCommand()");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onUnbind");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onDestroy()");
        mIsRun = false;
    }


    public class LocalBind extends Binder{
        public void localDownload(){
            if(!mIsRun){
                startDownload();
            }else{
                Log.i("space", TAG + "---------下载任务正在进行");
            }
        }
    }

    private void startDownload(){
        mIsRun = true;
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    for(int i=0;i<1000 && mIsRun;i++){
                        Log.i("space", TAG + "---------下载线程在执行 " + i);
                        Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
                    }
                    Log.i("space", TAG + "---下载线程执行完了 ");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

2.Manifest中注册service

<service android:name=".local.LocalService"
            android:label="测试localService"></service>

3.启动service

直接启动

startService(new Intent(this,LocalService.class));

关闭

stopService(new Intent(this, LocalService.class));

bind启动
bindService(new Intent(this, LocalService.class), mLocalSerConn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
解除绑定
if(mIsBindLocal){
      unbindService(mLocalSerConn);
      mIsBindLocal = false;
 }else{
      Log.i(TAG,"还没有绑定service");
 }
两种启动方式对比：

情况\启动方式直接启动service bind启动
启动方式 startService bindService
关闭方式 stopService unbindService
finish acitivty 不会关闭会关闭
开启后调用service中的方法不可调用可通过返回的bind调用

注：service是运行在主线程上的，如果需要在service中做耗时操作，避免ANR则需要在service中开线程执行

情况\启动方式	直接启动service	bind启动
启动方式	startService	bindService
关闭方式	stopService	unbindService
finish acitivty	不会关闭	会关闭
开启后调用service中的方法	不可调用	可通过返回的bind调用

远程service(remoteService)
1.定义aidl接口文件

package com.space.service.remote;
interface IRemote{
    String remoteDownload(String parame);
}

2.编写service类(在service创建后会启动一个线程,模拟在service中的任务)

package com.space.service.remote;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.*;
import android.os.Process;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by space on 2016/8/26.
 */
public class RemoteService extends Service {

    private final String TAG = "RemoteService";
    private boolean mIsRun;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("space",TAG+"---onBind()");
        return remoteBind;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        startDownload();
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onCreate() Process.myPid="+ Process.myPid());
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onStartCommand()");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onUnbind");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onDestroy()");
        mIsRun = false;
    }

    @Override
    public void onLowMemory() {
        super.onLowMemory();
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onLowMemory()");
    }

    public IRemote.Stub remoteBind = new IRemote.Stub() {
        @Override
        public String remoteDownload(final String parame) throws RemoteException {
            Log.i("space", TAG + "---------接收到的参数为 " + parame);
            if(!mIsRun){
                startDownload();
            }else{
                Log.i("space", TAG + "---------下载任务正在进行");
            }
            return "success";
        }
    };

    private void startDownload(){
        mIsRun = true;
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    for(int i=0;i<1000 && mIsRun;i++){
                        Log.i("space", TAG + "---------下载线程在执行 " + i);
                        Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
                    }
                    Log.i("space", TAG + "---下载线程执行完了 ");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

3.在Manifest中注册service

<service android:name=".remote.RemoteService"
            android:process=":remotefff"
            android:label="测试remoteService">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.space.service.remoteService"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </service>

4.启动service

直接启动

Intent i = new Intent();
i.setAction("com.space.service.remoteService");
startService(new Intent(createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(this,i)));

关闭

Intent in = new Intent();
in.setAction("com.space.service.remoteService");
stopService(new Intent(createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(this,in)));

bind启动

Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.space.service.remoteService");
Intent eintent = new Intent(createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(this,intent));
mIsBindRemote = bindService(eintent, mRemoteSerConn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

解除绑定

if(mIsBindRemote){
      unbindService(mRemoteSerConn);
      mIsBindRemote = false;
}else{
       Log.i(TAG,"还没有绑定 remote service");
}

因为直接用隐式intent的方法启动service会报异常，另外一种启动方式如下：

public static Intent createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(Context context, Intent implicitIntent) {
        //Retrieve all services that can match the given intent
        PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
        List<ResolveInfo> resolveInfo = pm.queryIntentServices(implicitIntent, 0);
        //Make sure only one match was found
        if (resolveInfo == null || resolveInfo.size() != 1) {
            return null;
        }
        //Get component info and create ComponentName
        ResolveInfo serviceInfo = resolveInfo.get(0);
        String packageName = serviceInfo.serviceInfo.packageName;
        String className = serviceInfo.serviceInfo.name;
        ComponentName component = new ComponentName(packageName, className);
        //Create a new intent. Use the old one for extras and such reuse
        Intent explicitIntent = new Intent(implicitIntent);
        //Set the component to be explicit
        explicitIntent.setComponent(component);
        return explicitIntent;
    }

本地service与远程service对比：

情况\service	本地service	远程service
进程	与APP同一进程	不与APP同一进程
与Activity的通信方式	本进程内通信	跨进程通信
Activity被kill	服务停止	服务不受影响(但是当系统内存不足时会被kill)

service灰色保活

之所以称为灰色保活是因为这种保活手段是利用系统漏洞，来提升service的优先级，使service尽量保持运行，实际上许多app都利用此漏洞来保活service。
思路是：API < 18，启动前台Service时直接传入new Notification()；
API >= 18，同时启动两个id相同的前台Service，然后再将后启动的Service做stop处理；
知道此种实现得益于看到的另外一篇文章，在此对作者表示感谢，附上文章地址：http://www.jianshu.com/p/63aafe3c12af

首先我们来看一下各大应用是否有使用此种方式来保活service

手机连上电脑打开cmd窗口，手机上打开应用QQ，清空通知栏，然后在cmd窗口中输入
adb shell dumpsys activity services com.tencent.mobileqq
通知栏没有看到QQ的 Notification 但是看到 isForeground=true 则说明QQ利用了这种灰色保活的手段，其他应用大家有兴趣也可以试一下，那我们来看一下灰色保活的具体实现。

灰色保活的实现方式

package com.space.service.gray;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
/**
 * Created by space on 2016/8/28.
 */
public class GrayService extends Service{
    private final static String TAG = "GrayService";
    private final static int GRAY_SERVICE_ID = 1111;
    private boolean mIsRun;
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        startDownload();
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onCreate() Process.myPid=" + android.os.Process.myPid());
    }
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onbind");
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onStartCommand()");
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 18) {
            Log.i("space",TAG+"api<18");
            startForeground(GRAY_SERVICE_ID, new Notification());//API < 18 ，此方法能有效隐藏Notification上的图标
        } else {
            Log.i("space",TAG+"api>18");
            Intent innerIntent = new Intent(this, GrayInnerService.class);
            startService(innerIntent);
            startForeground(GRAY_SERVICE_ID, new Notification());
        }
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }
    @Override
    public void unbindService(ServiceConnection conn) {
        super.unbindService(conn);
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onUnbind");
    }
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onDestroy()");
        mIsRun = false;
    }
    @Override
    public void onLowMemory() {
        super.onLowMemory();
        Log.i("space", TAG + "---onLowMemory()");
    }
    private void startDownload(){
        mIsRun = true;
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    for(int i=0;i<1000 && mIsRun;i++){
                        Log.i("space", TAG + "---------下载线程在执行 " + i);
                        Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
                    }
                    Log.i("space", TAG + "---下载线程执行完了 ");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
    /**
     * 给 API >= 18 的平台上用的灰色保活手段
     */
    public static class GrayInnerService extends Service {
        private final static String TAG = "GrayInnerService";
        @Override
        public void onCreate() {
            super.onCreate();
            Log.i("space", TAG + "---onCreate");
        }
        @Override
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
            Log.i("space", TAG + "---onStartCommand");
            startForeground(GRAY_SERVICE_ID, new Notification());
            stopForeground(true);
            stopSelf();
            return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
        }
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            return null;
        }
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            Log.i("space", TAG + "---onDestroy");
        }
        @Override
        public void onLowMemory() {
            super.onLowMemory();
            Log.i("space", TAG + "---onLowMemory");
        }
    }
}

在Manifest中注册service

<service android:name=".gray.GrayService"
            android:label="测试grayService"></service>
        <service android:name=".gray.GrayService$GrayInnerService"
            android:label="测试GrayInnerService"></service>

开启service

startService(new Intent(this, GrayService.class));

关闭service

stopService(new Intent(this, GrayService.class));

至此已经介绍了localService与remoteService的使用
另外如果有不明白的地方可以留言。有写错或者不好的地方欢迎指正