Notes about traps and interrupts.

本文探讨了操作系统中陷阱和中断的概念及区别。陷阱被视为软件中断,由如段错误或用户请求等异常引发,处理过程同步进行。中断则为硬件中断,因外部设备信号触发,其发生与当前指令执行异步。

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In Ch1 Operating System Concepts 7th, I see both trap and interrupt can lead to
switch from user mode to kernel mode. But doesn't give a descriptions about them.
So what is the differences between them? Mainstream answer is following:

Trap can be seen as "software interrupt", "synchronous interrupt".
It is caused by  exceptions like segment fault or  user request
The process will be suspended until the corresponding system service routine
return control to it. So trap is " synchronous".
Interrupt can be seen as "hardware interrupt", "asynchronous interrupt". It can
be caused when keyboard hit or other peripherals sending electronic signal.
It may occurs even when a instruction is executing. So it is called " asynchronous".

But interrupt seems to be more general.
Sometimes it can indicate both hardware interrupt and software one.
And which type of interrupt that divided-by-zero error belongs to is still not clear.
So I think it's enough to treat interrupt as a way to inform the OS when something
should be done. Based on the urgent level of interrupts, OS employs corresponding
reactions ( calling service routine, ignored, switch process, terminate process, etc ).


Detailed Reference:
Wikipedia interrupt
stackflow.com

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