LintCode 63: Search in Rotated Sorted Array II (Binary Search经典题)

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/roufoo/article/details/94169073

本文探讨了在含有重复元素的旋转有序数组中搜索目标值的问题，提供了两种二分查找的解决方案，详细解析了如何处理重复元素以确保算法效率。

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Search in Rotated Sorted Array II
Follow up for Search in Rotated Sorted Array:

What if duplicates are allowed?

Would this affect the run-time complexity? How and why?

Write a function to determine if a given target is in the array.

Example
Example 1:

Input:
[]
1
Output:
false
Example 2:

Input:
[3,4,4,5,7,0,1,2]
4
Output:
true

解法1: Binary Search。
代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param A: an integer ratated sorted array and duplicates are allowed
     * @param target: An integer
     * @return: a boolean 
     */
    bool search(vector<int> &A, int target) {
        int n = A.size();
        if (n == 0) return false;
        int start = 0, end = n - 1;
        
        if (A[start] == target) return true;
        if (A[end] == target) return true;
        
        while(start + 1 < end) {
            int mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
            if (A[mid] == target) return true;
            if (A[mid] > A[start] && target < A[start]) start = mid;
            else if (A[mid] < A[start] && target > A[start]) end = mid;
            else {
                if (A[mid] > target) end = mid;
                else start = mid;
            }
        }
        
        if (A[start] == target || A[end] == target) return true;
        return false;
    }
};

解法2：
如果 nums[left] == nums[mid] == nums[right]，无法根据它们的相对大小判断「断崖」到底在 mid 的左边还是右边。
所以不要出现 nums[left] == nums[mid] == nums[right] 的情况，即在计算 mid 之前收缩 left, right 边界，提前消除重复元素：

class Solution {
public:
    bool search(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int n = nums.size();
        int start = 0, end = n - 1;
        while (start + 1 < end) {
            while (start + 1 < end && nums[start] == nums[start + 1]) start++;
            while (start + 1 < end && nums[end] == nums[end - 1]) end--;
            int mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
            if (nums[start] <= nums[mid]) { // mid is in the left part
                if (nums[start] <= target && target <= nums[mid]) {
                    end = mid;
                } else {
                    start = mid;
                }
            } else { // mid is in the right part
                if (nums[mid] <= target && target <= nums[end]) {
                    start = mid;
                } else {
                    end = mid;
                }
            }
        }
        if (nums[start] == target) return true;
        if (nums[end] == target) return true;
        return false;
    }
};