1.理解java是如何构造出链表的?
结点数据结构与方法如下:
public class Node {
public int val;
public Node next;
Node(int x){
val = x;
next = null;
}
public static int getListLength(Node head){
int length = 0;
Node node = head;
while (node!=null){
length++;
node=node.next;
}
return length;
}
public static Node insertNode(Node head,Node nodeInsert,int position){
if (head==null){
return nodeInsert;
}
int size = getListLength(head);
if (position>size+1||position<1){
System.out.println("位置参数越界");
return head;
}
if (position==1){
nodeInsert.next = head;
head = nodeInsert;
return head;
}
Node pNode = head;
int count = 1;
while(count < position-1){
pNode = pNode.next;
count++;
}
nodeInsert.next=pNode.next;
pNode.next=nodeInsert;
return head;
}
public static Node deleteNode(Node head,int position){
if (head == null){
return null;
}
int size = getListLength(head);
if (position > size||position<1){
System.out.println("位置参数错误");
return head;
}
if (position==1){
return head.next;
}else {
Node preNode = head;
int count = 1;
while (count<position-1){
preNode = preNode.next;
count++;
}
Node curNode = preNode.next;
preNode.next = curNode.next;
}
return head;
}
2.链表增加元素,首部、中间和尾部分别会有什么问题,该如何处理?
链表进行插入元素时通过Node head、node nodeInsert、int position分别得到链表头(整个链表)、要插入的结点、要插入的位置。
若插入位置错误,则返回链表;若插入位置为1(即表头),需将插入结点的next置为链表头,将链表头置为插入结点,返回链表;若插入位置在1之后,需先得到插入位置的前一个结点pNode,pNode的next置为插入结点,插入结点的next置为pNode的next,返回链表。
3.链表删除元素,首部、中间和尾部分别会有什么问题,该如何处理?
删除链表需要通过Node head、int position获得链表头(整个链表)、删除位置。
若删除位置错误,则返回链表;若删除位置为1(表头),则直接返回head的next;若删除位置在1之后,需获取删除位置前一个结点pNode,pNode的next置为pNode的next的next,返回链表。
4.双向链表是如何构造的,如何实现元素的插入和删除?
结点数据结构如下:
public class DoubleNode {
public int data;
public DoubleNode next;
public DoubleNode prev;
public DoubleNode(int data){
this.data = data;
}
public void displayNode(){
System.out.println("{" + data + "} ");
}
}
链表结构与方式如下:
//链表结构与方向如下:
import org.junit.Test;
public class DoubleLinkList {
private DoubleNode first;
private DoubleNode last;
public DoubleLinkList(){
first = null;
last = first;
}
public void displayForward(){
System.out.println("List(first-->last):");
DoubleNode current = first;
while (current!=null){
current.displayNode();
current = current.next;
}
System.out.println();
}
public void displayBackward(){
System.out.println("List(last-->first):");
DoubleNode current = last;
while (current!=null){
current.displayNode();
current = current.prev;
}
System.out.println();
}
public void insertFirst(int data){
DoubleNode newDoubleNode = new DoubleNode(data);
if (isEmpty()){
last = newDoubleNode;
}else {
first.prev = newDoubleNode;
}
newDoubleNode.next = first;
first = newDoubleNode;
}
public void insertLast(int data){
DoubleNode newDoubleNode = new DoubleNode(data);
if (isEmpty()){
first = newDoubleNode;
}else {
newDoubleNode.prev = last;
last.next = newDoubleNode;
}
last = newDoubleNode;
}
//从某个结点后插入
public void insertAfter(int key, int data){
DoubleNode newDaoubleNode = new DoubleNode(data);
DoubleNode current = first;
while ((current!=null)&&(current.data!=key)){
current = current.next;
}
if (current ==null){
if (isEmpty()){//链表为空
first = newDaoubleNode;
last = newDaoubleNode;
}else {//找不到特定值则插入末尾
last.next = newDaoubleNode;
newDaoubleNode.prev = last;
last = newDaoubleNode;
}
}else {
if (current == last){//key值与最后结点的data相等,last将为newDaoubleNode
newDaoubleNode.next = null;
last = newDaoubleNode;
}else {//在两结点中间插入
newDaoubleNode.next = current.next;
current.next.prev = newDaoubleNode;
}
current.next = newDaoubleNode;
newDaoubleNode.prev =current;
}
}
public DoubleNode deleteFirst(){
DoubleNode temp = first;
if (first.next == null){
last = null;
}else {
first.next.prev = null;
}
first = first.next;
return temp;
}
public DoubleNode deleteLast(){
DoubleNode temp = last;
if (first.next ==null){
first = null;
}else {
last.prev.next = null;
}
last = last.prev;
return temp;
}
public DoubleNode deleteKey(int key){
DoubleNode current = first;
while (current != null&¤t.data!=key){
current = current.next;
}
if (current==null){
return null;
}else {
if (current == first){
first = current.next;
current.next.prev = null;
}else if(current==last){
last = current.prev;
current.prev.next = null;
}else {
current.prev.next = current.next;
current.next.prev = current.prev;
}
}
return current;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return (first==null);
}
@Test
public void test(){
DoubleLinkList theList = new DoubleLinkList();
theList.insertFirst(20);
theList.insertFirst(40);
theList.insertFirst(60);
theList.insertLast(10);
theList.insertLast(30);
theList.insertLast(50);
theList.displayForward();
theList.displayBackward();
theList.deleteFirst();
theList.deleteLast();
theList.deleteKey(10);
theList.displayForward();
theList.insertAfter(20, 70);
theList.insertAfter(30, 80);
theList.displayForward();
theList.displayBackward();
}
双向链表结点较于链表结点多出来指向前一个结点的DoubleNode prev,可进行双向的查询但增删复杂;双向链表拥有头结点first和尾结点last。
增加结点:
若增加在双向链表头,且链表为空,则first与last均为插入结点;链表不为空,则first的prev置为插入结点,插入结点的next置为first,再令first置为插入结点。
若增加在表尾,且链表为空,则first与last均为插入结点;链表不为空,则last的next置为插入结点,插入结点的prev置为last,再令last置为插入结点。
在特定结点后插入结点(通过data的值(key)找到特定结点),在链表中进行遍历,寻找data等于key的结点DoubleNode current。若current为null,且链表为空,则first=last=插入结点;链表不为空,则说明未找到特定结点,插入结点到链表尾。若current不为null说明找到特定结点,且current等于last,插入结点到链表尾;current不等于last,则current的next的prev为插入结点,插入结点的next为current的next,插入结点的prev为current,current的next为插入结点。
删除结点:
若删除双向链表头,且链表为空,则first与last均为null;链表不为空,则first的next置为null,first置为first的next。
若删除表尾,且链表为空,则first与last均为null;链表不为空,则last的prev的next置为null,last置为last的prev。
删除特定结点(通过data的值(key)找到特定结点),在链表中进行遍历,寻找data等于key的结点DoubleNode current。若current为nul,则说明未找到特定结点,返回null。若current不为null说明找到特定结点,且current等于first,删除表头;current等于last,删除表尾;此外,则current的next的prev为current的prev,current的prev的next为current的next,返回current。