rman丢失表空间的恢复以及flashback后数据文件丢失的恢复

Disk Backup Location /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

冷备份　

cp -rf db1 db1.bak
du -sm db1 db1.bak   

oerr ora ＋错误号显示ora的错误信息

1.sqlplus sys/oracle@db2 as sysdba　以dba的身份登录数据库

rman target sys/oracle@db2 登录目标数据库
rman catalog rman/cat@db2　登陆目录数据库
 rman target sys/oracle@db1 catalog rman/cat@db2　　同时登陆
只有此时才可以创建ｓｃｒｉｐｔｓ；要直接登录这两个必须先都登录过（一般需要登录的是目录数据库）
2.关于丢失表空间的恢复
删除的不是备份分表空间不能进行恢复
没有关闭数据库的恢复方法：

备份表空间

RMAN> run {
     2> allocate channel dev1 type disk;
     3> backup
     4>   tag　users
     5> format '/u01/app/oracle/oracle/admin/db2/backups_users_t%t_s%s'
     6> (tablespace users)
     7>
进行恢复：
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel dev1 type disk;
3> restore tablespace users;
4> recover tablespace users;
5> release channel dev1;
6> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: dev1
channel dev1: sid=137 devtype=DISK

Starting restore at 06-NOV-12

released channel: dev1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 11/06/2012 17:16:04
RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore
方法：
 ps -ef | grep dbw 查看进程
cd /proc/5128/fd　进入进程查看缺失文件
ls-l
 cp 23 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db2/users01.dbf　没有shutdown的恢复cp
数据文件恢复

3.关于不确定时间flashback快闪后可能丢失数据文件的恢复：

SYS@db1> !rman target sys/oracle@db1 catalog rman/cat@db2

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 12 16:44:04 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DB1 (DBID=1386705937)
connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel dev1 type disk;
3> restore datafile 4;
4> recover datafile 4;
5> release channel dev1;
6> }

allocated channel: dev1
channel dev1: sid=133 devtype=DISK

Starting restore at 12-NOV-12

channel dev1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel dev1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db1/users01.dbf
channel dev1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/admin/db2/backups_users_t798652847_s12
channel dev1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/admin/db2/backups_users_t798652847_s12 tag=TAG20121106T160047
channel dev1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:09
Finished restore at 12-NOV-12

Starting recover at 12-NOV-12

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 12-NOV-12

released channel: dev1
快闪后导致表的不可用，我做的scott用户下的emp表，属于user表空间
此时查询
SYS@db1> select * from scott.emp where rownum<4;
select * from scott.emp where rownum<4
                    *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 4 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db1/users01.dbf'
首先：SYS@db1> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;
通过查询表空间的状态来看文件所属的表空间

TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE
SYSAUX                         ONLINE
TEMP                           ONLINE
USERS                          OFFLINE
UNDOTBS2                       ONLINE
EXAMPLE                        ONLINE
INVENTORY                      ONLINE
TBSADDM                        ONLINE
user表空间不在线，
SYS@db1> alter tablespace USERS online;

Tablespace altered.使得user表空间状态为在线。

 select file#,name,status,enabled from v$datafile;
查询所属数据文件的状态
  FILE#
----------
NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS  ENABLED
------- ----------
         1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db1/system01.dbf
SYSTEM  READ WRITE

         2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db1/undotbs01.dbf
ONLINE  READ WRITE

         3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db1/sysaux01.dbf
ONLINE  READ WRITE

         4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db1/users01.dbf
ONLINE  READ WRITE

         5
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db1/example01.dbf
ONLINE  READ WRITE

         6
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db1/inventory
ONLINE  READ WRITE

         7
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/addm1.dbf
ONLINE  READ WRITE

此时都为ONLINE  READ WRITE状态，如果是recover则需要做恢复，我是先做的恢复，因此这里的状态是ONLINE  READ WRITE。
这时在查询便可以正常了emp表。

4.指定系统默认表空间

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE <tsname>;
改变数据库中除system和sysaux外任意一个表空间的名字
ALTER TABLESPACE <oldname> RENAME TO <newname>;
5.数据库完全备份

RMAN> run {
     # backup the complete database to disk
      allocate channel dev1 type disk;
      backup
        full
       tag full_db_backup
        format '/u01/app/oracle/admin/db2/backups_t%t_s%s_p%p'
        (database);
     release channel dev1;
      }

6.关于对备份文件的删除
   在os上手工删除备份后，rman仍然认为是available，rman还是认为那文件存在，只有执行了crosscheck才会将available转化为expired，delete expired后，rman就不会觉得那空间还没占用。
7.oracle_BASE 是orace的根目录，ORACLE_BASE是oracle产品的目录。