django中使用ModelForm

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已于 2023-12-26 11:22:18 修改

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文章标签： django 数据库前端

于 2023-12-21 21:21:07 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_64556701/article/details/135140492

文章讲述了在Django框架中如何使用ModelForm简化表单创建过程，以及如何与数据库模型关联，以实现在用户管理界面的表单验证和数据提交。

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在制作表单时，使用ModelForm会减少代码的书写

{% extends 'header.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title">新建用户</h3>
            </div>
            <div class="panel-body">
{#            novalidate关掉页面的自动校验#}
                <form method="post" novalidate>
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                            <span style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提交</button>
                </form>

            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

（1）其中 {% extends 'header.html' %}使用的是模板的继承，模板如下：

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
    {% block css %}{% endblock %}
    <style>
        .navbar {
            border-radius: 0;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
    <div class="container">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
                    data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">联通用户管理系统</a>
        </div>

        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li ><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="/user/list/">用户管理</a></li>

            </ul>

            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">登录</a></li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
                       aria-expanded="false">智慧 <span class="caret"></span></a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
                        <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
<div>
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.7.1.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
{%  block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>


from django import  forms
# modelform实例
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    mame = forms.CharField(min_length=3,label="姓名")
    class Meta:
        model=models.UserInfo
        fields=["name","password","age","account","create_time","gender","depart"]
        # 使用插件，应用样式
        # widgets={
        #     "name":forms.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}),
        #     "password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        # }
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

            for name,field in self.fields.items():
                # if name=="password":
                #     continue
                # field.widget.attrs={"class":"form-control","placeholder":"field"}
                field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label}

def user_model_form_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form=UserModelForm()
        return render(request,'user_model_form_add.html',{"form":form})

    form=UserModelForm(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
       form.save()
       return  redirect("/user/list/")

    return render(request,"user_model_form_add.html",{"form":form})

改变LANGUAGE_CODE的属性可以将错误提示改为中文格式

表的创建如下：

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名",max_length=16)
    password=models.CharField(verbose_name="密码",max_length=64)
    age=models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account=models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额",max_digits=10,decimal_places=2,default=0)
    create_time=models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间",default=timezone.now)

    # 列名变成depert_id
    depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门",to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 表中显示1,2
    gender_choics=(
        (1,"男"),
        (2,"女"),
    )
    gender=models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别",choices=gender_choics)