C++，继承

设计一个能细分为矩形、三角形、圆形和椭圆形的图形类。使用继承将这些图形分类，找出能作为基类部分的共同特征（如宽、 高、中心点等）和方法（如初始化、求面积等）。

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;


// 基类：图形类
class Shape {
	public:
		virtual double getArea() = 0; // 纯虚函数，计算图形的面积
		virtual void print() = 0; // 纯虚函数，打印图形的信息
};

//矩形类
class Rectangle : public Shape {
	private:
		double width;
		double height;
	public:
		Rectangle(double w, double h) : width(w), height(h) {}
		double getArea() override {
			return width * height;
		}
		void print() override {
			cout << "矩形，宽度为：" << width << "，高度为：" << height << endl;
		}
};

//三角形类
class Triangle : public Shape {
	private:
		double base;
		double height;
	public:
		Triangle(double b, double h) : base(b), height(h) {}
		double getArea() override {
			return 0.5 * base * height;
		}
		void print() override {
			cout << "三角形，底边为：" << base << "，高度为：" << height << endl;
		}
};

//圆形类
class Circle : public Shape {
	private:
		double radius;
	public:
		Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}
		double getArea() override {
			return 3.14159 * pow(radius, 2);
		}
		void print() override {
			cout << "圆形，半径为：" << radius << endl;
		}
};

//椭圆类
class Ellipse : public Shape {
	private:
		double majorAxis;
		double minorAxis;
	public:
		Ellipse(double major, double minor) : majorAxis(major), minorAxis(minor) {}
		double getArea() override {
			return 3.14159 * majorAxis * minorAxis;
		}
		void print() override {
			cout << "椭圆形，长轴为：" << majorAxis << "，短轴为：" << minorAxis << endl;
		}
};


int main() {
	// 创建图形对象
	Shape* shapes[] = { new Rectangle(3, 4), new Triangle(5, 6), new Circle(2.5), new Ellipse(3, 4) };

	//调用
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		shapes[i]->print();
		cout << "面积为：" << shapes[i]->getArea() << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

 运行结果：