21天零基础入门ACM
21天零基础入门ACM之 第6天
kmp
KMP
kmp应该算是字符串匹配的基本算法了。
什么是kmp呢?
KMP算法是一种改进的字符串匹配算法,由D.E.Knuth,J.H.Morris和V.R.Pratt提出的,因此人们称它为克努特—莫里斯—普拉特操作(简称KMP算法)。KMP算法的核心是利用匹配失败后的信息,尽量减少模式串与主串的匹配次数以达到快速匹配的目的。具体实现就是通过一个next()函数实现,函数本身包含了模式串的局部匹配信息。KMP算法的时间复杂度O(m+n)
----百度百科
其实kmp就是用来快速解决字符串匹配问题的。
kmp之所以能快速的原因是他预处理了字符串的最大公共前后缀,从而能在失配的时候,减少不必要的回溯。
算法模板:
int n;
string a,b;
int next[N];
void getnext(string a){
next[0]=-1;
int i=0,j=-1;
while(i<a.size()){
if(j==-1||a[i]==a[j]){
i++,j++,next[i]=j;
}
else j=next[j];
}
}
void kmp(string a,string b){
int i=0,j=0;
while(i<a.size()){
if(j==-1||a[i]==b[j]){
i++,j++;
}
else j=next[j];
if(j==b.size()) cout<<i-j+1<<endl;
}
}
例题:
题目1:
https://www.luogu.com.cn/problem/P3375
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define js ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0)
#define sc(x) scanf("%d",x)
typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef long double ld;
inline ll gcd(ll x, ll y) { return y ? gcd(y, x % y) : x; }
ll qpow(ll a, ll b) { ll ans = 1; while (b) { if (b & 1) ans *= a; b >>= 1; a *= a; } return ans; }
ll qpow(ll a, ll b, ll mod) { ll ans = 1; a%=mod; while (b) { if (b & 1)(ans *= a) %= mod; b >>= 1; (a *= a) %= mod; }return ans % mod; }
inline ll read() { ll s = 0, w = 1; char ch = getchar(); while (ch < 48 || ch > 57) { if (ch == '-') w = -1; ch = getchar(); } while (ch >= 48 && ch <= 57) s = (s << 1) + (s << 3) + (ch ^ 48), ch = getchar(); return s * w; }
const int mod=1e9+7;
const int N=1e6+7;
int n;
string a,b;
int next[N];
void getnext(string a){
next[0]=-1;
int i=0,j=-1;
while(i<a.size()){
if(j==-1||a[i]==a[j]){
i++,j++,next[i]=j;
}
else j=next[j];
}
}
void kmp(string a,string b){
int i=0,j=0;
while(i<a.size()){
if(j==-1||a[i]==b[j]){
i++,j++;
}
else j=next[j];
if(j==b.size()) cout<<i-j+1<<endl;
}
}
int main(){
while(cin>>a>>b){
getnext(b);
kmp(a,b);
for(int i=1;i<=b.size();i++) cout<<next[i]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
题目2:
https://www.luogu.com.cn/problem/P4391
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define js ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0)
#define sc(x) scanf("%d",x)
typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef long double ld;
inline ll gcd(ll x, ll y) { return y ? gcd(y, x % y) : x; }
ll qpow(ll a, ll b) { ll ans = 1; while (b) { if (b & 1) ans *= a; b >>= 1; a *= a; } return ans; }
ll qpow(ll a, ll b, ll mod) { ll ans = 1; a%=mod; while (b) { if (b & 1)(ans *= a) %= mod; b >>= 1; (a *= a) %= mod; }return ans % mod; }
inline ll read() { ll s = 0, w = 1; char ch = getchar(); while (ch < 48 || ch > 57) { if (ch == '-') w = -1; ch = getchar(); } while (ch >= 48 && ch <= 57) s = (s << 1) + (s << 3) + (ch ^ 48), ch = getchar(); return s * w; }
const int mod=1e9+7;
const int N=1e6+7;
int n;
string a,b;
int next[N];
void getnext(string a){
int j=-1,i=0;
next[0]=-1;
while(i<a.size()){
if(j==-1||a[i]==a[j]){
i++,j++,next[i]=j;
}
else j=next[j];
}
}
int main(){
while(cin>>n>>a){
getnext(a);
cout<<n-next[n]<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
代码如下:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define js ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0)
#define sc(x) scanf("%d",x)
#define next ha
typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef long double ld;
inline ll gcd(ll x, ll y) { return y ? gcd(y, x % y) : x; }
ll qpow(ll a, ll b) { ll ans = 1; while (b) { if (b & 1) ans *= a; b >>= 1; a *= a; } return ans; }
ll qpow(ll a, ll b, ll mod) { ll ans = 1; a%=mod; while (b) { if (b & 1)(ans *= a) %= mod; b >>= 1; (a *= a) %= mod; }return ans % mod; }
inline ll read() { ll s = 0, w = 1; char ch = getchar(); while (ch < 48 || ch > 57) { if (ch == '-') w = -1; ch = getchar(); } while (ch >= 48 && ch <= 57) s = (s << 1) + (s << 3) + (ch ^ 48), ch = getchar(); return s * w; }
const int mod=1e9+7;
const int N=1e6+7;
int n;
string a,b;
int next[N];
void getnext(string a){
next[0]=-1;
int i=0,j=-1;
while(i<a.size()){
if(j==-1||a[i]==a[j]){
i++;j++;next[i]=j;
}
else j=next[j];
}
}
int res[N];
int main() {
ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
string s;cin >> s;
getnext(s);
for (int i = 1;i < s.size();++i)
++res[next[i]];
int ans = next[s.size()];
if (ans <= 0)
cout << "Just a legend\n";
else if (res[ans])
cout << s.substr(0, ans) << endl;
else if (next[ans] > 0)
cout << s.substr(0, next[ans]) << endl;
else
cout << "Just a legend\n";
}