Splash的简单使用

于 2020-08-18 09:55:06 发布
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分类专栏： Python
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_44830823/article/details/108070576
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Splash Lua脚本http://localhost:8050，端口为8050

入口及返回值

function main(splash, args)
  splash:go("http://www.baidu.com")
  splash:wait(0.5)
  local title = splash:evaljs("document.title")
  return {title=title}
end

通过 evaljs()方法传人 JavaSer刷脚本， 而 document.title 的执行结果就是返回网页标题，执行完毕后将其赋值给一个 title 变盘，随后将其 返回 。

异步处理

按照不同步的程序处理问题

function main(splash, args)
  local example_urls = {"www.baidu.com", "www.taobao.com", "www.zhihu.com"}
  local urls = args.urls or example_urls
  local results = {}
  for index, url in ipairs(urls) do
    local ok, reason = splash:go("http://" .. url)
    if ok then
      splash:wait(2)
      results[url] = splash:png()
    end
  end
  return results
end

wait(2)    等待2秒
字符串拼接符使用的是..操作符
go()方法    返回加载页面的结果状态

运行结果：（如果页面州现 4xx 或5xx状态码， ok变量就为空，就不会返回加载后的图片。）

Splash对象属性

args属性

获取加载时配置的参数

运行：

输出：

js_enableb属性

js_enabled属性是Splash的JavaScript执行开关
可以将其配置为true或false来控制是否执行JavaScript代码，默认为true。

function main(splash, args)
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com")
  splash.js_enabled = false
  local title = splash:evaljs("document.title")
  return {title=title}
end

go()方法，加载页面
js_enabled = false，禁止执行JavaScript代码

运行情况：

HTTP Error 400 (Bad Request)

Type: ScriptError -> JS_ERROR

Error happened while executing Lua script

[string "function main(splash, args)
..."]:4: unknown JS error: None

{
    "type": "ScriptError",
    "info": {
        "splash_method": "evaljs",
        "line_number": 4,
        "js_error_message": null,
        "type": "JS_ERROR",
        "error": "unknown JS error: None",
        "message": "[string \"function main(splash, args)\r...\"]:4: unknown JS error: None",
        "source": "[string \"function main(splash, args)\r...\"]"
    },
    "description": "Error happened while executing Lua script",
    "error": 400
}

resource_timeout属性

resource_timeout属性设置加载的超时时间，单位是秒。

function main(splash)
    splash.resource_timeout = 0.1
    assert(splash:go('https://www.taobao.com'))
    return splash:png()
end

png()方法，返回页面截图
resource_timeout = 0.1    表示设置的加载超时时间为0.1s

images_enabled属性

images_enabled属性设置图片是否加载，默认情况下是加载的。不加载图片，加载的速度会快很多。

function main(splash, args)
  splash.images_enabled = false
  assert(splash:go('https://www.jd.com'))
  return {png=splash:png()}
end

运行后请求加载的网页不加载图片

plugins_enabled属性

plugins_enabled属性可以控制浏览器插件（如Flash插件）是否开启。默认情况下，此属性是false，表示不开启。

splash.plugins_enabled = true/false

scoll_position属性

scroll_position属性可以控制页面上下或左右滚动

function main(splash, args)
  assert(splash:go('https://www.taobao.com'))
  splash.scroll_position = {y=400}
  return {png=splash:png()}
 end

# 向下滚动400像素

Splash对象的方法

go()方法：请求某个链接

  1. go 方法参数

    ok, reason = splash:go{url, baseurl=nil, headers=nil, http_method="GET", body=nil, formdata=nil}

baseurl----资源加载的相对路径
headers----请求头
http_method----请求方法，GET或POST
body----发POST请求时的表单数据，使用的Content-type为application/json。
formdata----POST请求时的表单数据，，使用的Content-type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded。

  2. go 方法实例

    function main(splash, args)
  local ok, reason = splash:go{"http://httpbin.org/post", http_method="POST", body="name=Germey"}
  if ok then
        return splash:html()
  end
end

    输出结果：

    <html><head></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "name": "Germey"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Accept-Language": "en,*", 
    "Content-Length": "11", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Origin": "null", 
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/602.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) splash Version/9.0 Safari/602.1"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "120.239.195.171, 120.239.195.171", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}
</pre></body></html>

wait()方法：控制页面的等待时间

  1. wait 方法参数

    ok, reason = splash:wait{time, cancel_on_redirect=false, cancel_on_error=true}


time----等待时间/s
cancel_on_redirect----如果发生重定向就停止等待，并返回重定向结果
cancel_on_error----如果发生了加载错我，就停止等待

  2. wait 方法实例

    function main(splash)
    splash:go("https://www.taobao.com")
    splash:wait(2)
    return {html=splash:html()}
end

jsfunc()方法

jsfunc()方法，直接调用JavaScript定义的方法，即实现JavaScript方法到Lua脚本的转换。

function main(splash, args)
  local get_div_count = splash:jsfunc([[
  function () {
    var body = document.body;
    var divs = body.getElementsByTagName('div');
    return divs.length;
  }
  ]])
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com")
  return ("There are %s DIVs"):format(
    get_div_count())
end

运行结果：
"There are 22 DIVs"

evaljs()方法

执行JavaScript代码，并返回最后一条JavaScript语句的返回结果

result = splash:evalijs(js)

runjs()方法

runjs()方法于evaljs()方法功能类似

function main(splash, args)
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com")
  splash:runjs("foo = function() { return 'bar' }")
  local result = splash:evaljs("foo()")
  return result
end

输出：
"bar"

autoload()方法：sutoload()设置每个页面访问时自动加载的对象

  1. autoload()方法参数

    ok, reason = splash:autoload{source_or_url, source=nil, url=nil}

source_or_url----JavaScript代码或者JavaScript库链接。
source----JavaScript代码。
url----JavaScript库链接。

  2. autoload()方法例子

    function main(splash, args)
  splash:autoload([[
    function get_document_title(){
      return document.title;
    }
  ]])
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com")
  return splash:evaljs("get_document_title()")
end

    结果
Splash Response: "百度一下，你就知道"

call_later()方法

通过设置定时任务和延迟时间来实现任务延时执行，并且可以再执行前通过cancel()方法重新执行定时任务。

function main(splash, args)
  local snapshots = {}
  local timer = splash:call_later(function()
    snapshots["a"] = splash:png()
    splash:wait(1.0)
    snapshots["b"] = splash:png()
  end, 0.2)
  splash:go("https://www.taobao.com")
  splash:wait(3.0)
  return snapshots
end

http_get()方法

模拟发送HTTP的GET请求

  1. http_get()方法参数

    response = splash:http_get{url, headers=nil, follow_redirects=true}

url----请求URL。
headers----可选参数，默认为空，请求头。
follow_redirects----可选参数，表示是否启动自动重定向，默认为true。

  2. http_get()方法例子

    function main(splash, args)
  local treat = require("treat")
  local response = splash:http_get("http://httpbin.org/get")
    return {
    html=treat.as_string(response.body),
    url=response.url,
    status=response.status
    }
end

    输出结果：
html: String (length 347)
{
  "args": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Accept-Language": "en,*", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/602.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) splash Version/9.0 Safari/602.1"
  }, 
  "origin": "120.239.195.171, 120.239.195.171", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}
status: 200
url: "http://httpbin.org/get"

http_post()方法

模拟发送HTTP的POST请求

  1. http_post()方法参数

    response = splash:http_post{url, headers=nil, follow_redirects=true, body=nil}

url----请求URL。
headers----可选参数，默认为空，请求头。
follow_redirects----可选参数，表示是否启动自动重定向，默认为true。
body----可选参数，即表单数据，默认为空。

  2. http_post()方法例子

    function main(splash, args)
  local treat = require("treat")
  local json = require("json")
  local response = splash:http_post{"http://httpbin.org/post",    
      body=json.encode({name="Germey"}),
      headers={["content-type"]="application/json"}
    }
    return {
    html=treat.as_string(response.body),
    url=response.url,
    status=response.status
    }
end

set_content()方法：设置页面的内容

function main(splash)
　　assert(splash:set_content("<html><body><h1>hello</h1></body></html>"))
　　return splash:png()
end

html()方法：获取网页源代码

获取https://httpbin.org/get的源代码

function main(splash, args)
　　splash:go("https://httpbin.org/get")
　　return splash:html()
end

png()方法：获取png格式的网页截图

function main(splash, args)
　　splash:go("https://www.taobao.com")
　　return splash:png()
end

jpeg()方法：获取jpng格式的网页截图

function main(splash, args)
　　splash:go("https://www.taobao.com")
　　return splash:jpeg()
end

har()方法：获取页面的加载过程

function main(splash, args)
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com")
  return splash:har()
end

url()方法：获取当前页面正在访问的URL

function main(splash, args)
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com")
  return splash:url()
end

// 输出：
https://www.baidu.com/

get_cookies()方法：获取当前页面的Cookies

function main(splash, args)
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com")
  return splash:get_cookies()
end

// 输出：
0: Object
domain: ".baidu.com"
expires: "2087-08-08T12:53:28Z"
httpOnly: false
name: "BAIDUID"
path: "/"
secure: false
value: "B556658F0EAB497638556503063F6AEE:FG=1"
1: Object
domain: ".baidu.com"
expires: "2087-08-08T12:53:28Z"
httpOnly: false
name: "BIDUPSID"
path: "/"
secure: false
value: "B556658F0EAB497638556503063F6AEE"
2: Object
domain: ".baidu.com"
expires: "2087-08-08T12:53:28Z"
httpOnly: false
name: "PSTM"
path: "/"
secure: false
value: "1563701961"
3: Object
domain: ".baidu.com"
httpOnly: false
name: "delPer"
path: "/"
secure: false
value: "0"
4: Object
domain: "www.baidu.com"
httpOnly: false
name: "BD_HOME"
path: "/"
secure: false
value: "0"
5: Object
domain: ".baidu.com"
httpOnly: false
name: "H_PS_PSSID"
path: "/"
secure: false
value: "29547_1434_21089_18560_29522_29518_28518_29099_28833_29220_26350_29459"
6: Object
domain: "www.baidu.com"
expires: "2019-07-31T09:39:21Z"
httpOnly: false
name: "BD_UPN"
path: "/"
secure: false
value: "143354"

add_cookie()方法：为当前页面添加Cookie

  1. add_cookie()方法参数

    cookies = splash:add_cookie{name, value, path=nil, domain=nil, expires=nil, httpOnly=nil, secure=nil}

  2. add_cookie()方法例子

    function main(splash)
    splash:add_cookie{"sessionid", "237465ghgfsd", "/", domain="http://example.com"}
    splash:go("http://example.com/")
    return splash:html()
end

    // 输出：
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
    <title>Example Domain</title>

    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <style type="text/css">
    body {
        background-color: #f0f0f2;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
        
    }
    div {
        width: 600px;
        margin: 5em auto;
        padding: 50px;
        background-color: #fff;
        border-radius: 1em;
    }
    a:link, a:visited {
        color: #38488f;
        text-decoration: none;
    }
    @media (max-width: 700px) {
        body {
            background-color: #fff;
        }
        div {
            width: auto;
            margin: 0 auto;
            border-radius: 0;
            padding: 1em;
        }
    }
    </style>    
</head>

<body>
<div>
    <h1>Example Domain</h1>
    <p>This domain is established to be used for illustrative examples in documents. You may use this
    domain in examples without prior coordination or asking for permission.</p>
    <p><a href="http://www.iana.org/domains/example">More information...</a></p>
</div>


</body></html>

clear_cookies()方法：清除所有Cookies

function main(splash)
    splash:go("https://www.baidu.com/")
    splash:clear_cookies()
    return splash:get_cookies()
end

// 输出：
Array[0]

get_viewport_size()方法：获取页面的宽高

function main(splash)
    splash:go("https://www.baidu.com/")
    return splash:get_viewport_size()
end

set_viewport_size()方法：设置页面的宽高

  1. set_viewport_size()参数

    splash:set_viewport_size(width, height)

  2. set_viewport_size()方法例子

    function main(splash)
    splash:set_viewport_size(400, 700)
    assert(splash:go("http://cuiqingcai.com"))
    return splash:png()
end

set_viewport_full()方法：浏览器全频显示

function main(splash)
    splash:set_viewport_full()
    assert(splash:go("http://cuiqingcai.com"))
    return splash:png()
end

set_user_agent()方法：设置浏览器的User_agent

function main(splash)
  splash:set_user_agent('Splash')
  splash:go("http://httpbin.org/get")
  return splash:html()
end

// 这里我们将浏览器的User-Agent设置为Splash

set_custom_headers()方法：设置请求头

function main(splash)
  splash:set_custom_headers({
     ["User-Agent"] = "Splash",
     ["Site"] = "Splash",
  })
  splash:go("http://httpbin.org/get")
  return splash:html()
end

// 输出：
<html><head></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">{
  "args": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Accept-Language": "en,*", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Site": "Splash", 
    "User-Agent": "Splash"
  }, 
  "origin": "120.239.195.171, 120.239.195.171", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}
</pre></body></html>

select()方法：选中符合条件的第一个节点----参数为CSS选择器

function main(splash)
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com/")
  input = splash:select("#kw")
  input:send_text('Splash')
  splash:wait(3)
  return splash:png()
end

// 首先访问了百度，然后选中了搜索框，随后调用了send_text()方法填写了文本，然后返回网页截图。

select_all()方法

选中符合条件的所有节点（参数为CSS选择器）

function main(splash)
  local treat = require('treat')
  assert(splash:go("http://quotes.toscrape.com/"))
  assert(splash:wait(0.5))
  local texts = splash:select_all('.quote .text')
  local results = {}
  for index, text in ipairs(texts) do
    results[index] = text.node.innerHTML
  end
  return treat.as_array(results)
end

// 输出：
Array[10]
0: "“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”"
1: "“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.”"
2: “There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.”
3: "“The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel, must be intolerably stupid.”"
4: "“Imperfection is beauty, madness is genius and it's better to be absolutely ridiculous than absolutely boring.”"
5: "“Try not to become a man of success. Rather become a man of value.”"
6: "“It is better to be hated for what you are than to be loved for what you are not.”"
7: "“I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.”"
8: "“A woman is like a tea bag; you never know how strong it is until it's in hot water.”"
9: "“A day without sunshine is like, you know, night.”"

img

mouse_click()方法

模拟鼠标点击操作，传入的参数为坐标值x和y。此外，也可以直接选中某个节点，然后调用此方法

function main(splash)
  splash:go("https://www.baidu.com/")
  input = splash:select("#kw")
  input:send_text('Splash')
  submit = splash:select('#su')
  submit:mouse_click()
  splash:wait(3)
  return splash:png()
end

首先选中页面的输入框，输入了文本，然后选中“提交”按钮，调用了mouse_click()方法提交查询，然后页面等待三秒，返回截图。

本文作者：Lee Hua

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