一个基于多态的C++项目，断断续续写了两三天。获得一些收获和大家分享。欢迎指正交流。
一、包含功能
********* 欢迎使用职工管理系统 *********
************ 0.退出管理系统 ************
************ 1.增加职工信息 ************
************ 2.显示职工信息 ************
************ 3.删除离职职工 ************
************ 4.修改职工信息 ************
************ 5.查找职工信息 ************
************ 6.按照编号排序 ************
************ 7.清空所有文档 ************
******************************************
二、主要实现技术总结
（一）多态
职工类为接口，派生出老板类、经理类、员工类，分别实现不同的岗位名称和岗位职责的输出。
（二）对象
C++有一种万物皆可为对象的概念，整个程序就可以视作一个管理程序的对象，创建WorkerManager类，逐一实现：菜单展示、增加职工、显示职工、删除职工、修改职工、查找职工以及排序、清空等多种功能。
（三）循环
程序的交互过程均需要用到循环，在循环过程中处理交互的各种情况。例如：
1、用户的主菜单选择以及返回主菜单。
2、用户的输入不合法时，重新输入。
3、用户完成工作后，返回上级或者返回主菜单。
（四）文件读写
通过文件读写实现数据的操作，写文件时先将职工数量写入第一行，方便后续操作
三、作业总结
根据程序的不同需求设置清晰的架构脉络，主线程序代码要足够健壮（没有bug），再逐一实现其他功能函数。将程序分割为多个模块再组合起来实现复杂的需求，是一个项目成功的必备条件，这也是C++的封装特性的体现。
四、上代码
main.cpp
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"workerManager.h"
#include"Worker.h"
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
//创建职工管理类对象
workerManager WM;
//定义用户选项
int choice = -1;
while (true) {
WM.Show_Menu();
cout << "请输入您的选择" << endl;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 0: //退出系统
WM.Exit_System();
break;
case 1: //增加职工
WM.Add_Worker();
break;
case 2: //显示职工
WM.Show_Worker();
break;
case 3: //删除职工
WM.Del_Worker();
break;
case 4: //修改职工
WM.Mod_Worker();
break;
case 5: //查找职工
WM.Search_Worker();
break;
case 6: //编号排序
WM.Sort_ID();
break;
case 7: //清空文档
WM.Clear_Worker();
break;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
return 0;
}Worker.h——职工类
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<iomanip> //c++标准库，主要功能设置输出格式
enum Post
{
BOSS,
MANAGER,
EMPLOYEE,
POSTCOUNT
};
//职工类
class Worker
{
public:
int m_id; //职工编号
string m_name; //职工姓名
int m_post; //岗位编号
//显示职工信息
virtual void show_Info() = 0;
//获得职工岗位
virtual string get_Postname() = 0;
};
//老板类
class Boss :public Worker {
public:
Boss(int id, string name, int post);
void show_Info();
string get_Postname();
};
//经理类
class Manager :public Worker {
public:
Manager(int id, string name, int post);
void show_Info();
string get_Postname();
};
//普通员工类
class Employee :public Worker {
public:
Employee(int id, string name, int post);
void show_Info();
string get_Postname();
};Worker.cpp——职工类成员函数实现
#include "Worker.h"
Boss::Boss(int id, string name, int post)
{
m_id = id;
m_name = name;
m_post = post;
}
void Boss::show_Info()
{
//设置输出编号占两个字符宽度，空位用'0'填充,通过setiosflag(ios::left/right)可以调整靠左或者靠右
cout << "序号：" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << m_id
<< "\t姓名：" << m_name
<< "\t岗位：" << get_Postname()
<< "\t岗位职责：负责公司全面工作，安排经理的工作" << endl;
}
string Boss::get_Postname()
{
return string("老板");
}
Manager::Manager(int id, string name, int post)
{
m_id = id;
m_name = name;
m_post = post;
}
void Manager::show_Info()
{
cout << "序号：" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << m_id
<< "\t姓名：" << m_name
<< "\t岗位：" << get_Postname()
<< "\t岗位职责：完成老板交办任务，安排员工的工作" << endl;
}
string Manager::get_Postname()
{
return string("经理");
}
Employee::Employee(int id, string name, int post)
{
m_id = id;
m_name = name;
m_post = post;
}
void Employee::show_Info()
{
cout << "序号：" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << m_id
<< "\t姓名：" << m_name
<< "\t岗位：" << get_Postname()
<< "\t岗位职责：完成经理交办任务" << endl;
}
string Employee::get_Postname()
{
return string("员工");
}
workerManager.h——管理类
#pragma once //防止头文件重复包含
#include<iostream> //包含输入输出流头文件
using namespace std;//使用标准命名空间
#include"Worker.h"
#define FILENAME "Worker.txt"
//职工管理类
class workerManager
{
public:
//职工指针数组
Worker** ptr_Worker_array;
//职工人数
int m_count;
//文件为空标志
bool m_EmptyFile;
//构造函数
workerManager();
//展示菜单函数
void Show_Menu();
//退出系统
void Exit_System();
//增加职工
void Add_Worker();
//显示职工
void Show_Worker();
//删除职工
void Del_Worker();
//修改职工
void Mod_Worker();
//查找职工
void Search_Worker();
//获得文件中人数
int get_count();
//保存数据到文件中
int save();
//查找编号，返回下标
void Search_ID();
//查找姓名，返回相同姓名职工的个数
void Search_Name();
//按照编号排序
void Sort_ID();
//清空文件
void Clear_Worker();
~workerManager();
};workerManager.cpp——管理类各种功能实现
#include "workerManager.h"
#include<fstream>
//workerManager构造函数
workerManager::workerManager() {
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);
//1、无文件
if (!ifs.is_open()) {
cout << "文件不存在" << endl;
m_EmptyFile = true;
m_count = 0;
ptr_Worker_array = NULL;
}
else {
//读取职工数量
ifs >> m_count;
//2、空文件
if (!m_count) {
cout << "文件为空" << endl;
m_EmptyFile = true;
m_count = 0;
ptr_Worker_array = NULL;
}
//3、存在数据
else {
m_EmptyFile = false;
ptr_Worker_array = new Worker*[m_count];
Worker* newWorker = NULL;
int id = 0, num = 0, IDnum = 0;
string name;
int post = -1;
while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> post) {
switch (post) {
case BOSS:newWorker = new Boss(id, name, post);
break;
case MANAGER:newWorker = new Manager(id, name, post);
break;
case EMPLOYEE:newWorker = new Employee(id, name, post);
break;
}
ptr_Worker_array[num++] = newWorker;
}
}
ifs.close();
}
}
//显示主界面
void workerManager::Show_Menu()
{
cout << "******************************************" << endl;
cout << "********* 欢迎使用职工管理系统 *********" << endl;
cout << "************ 0.退出管理系统 ************" << endl;
cout << "************ 1.增加职工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "************ 2.显示职工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "************ 3.删除离职职工 ************" << endl;
cout << "************ 4.修改职工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "************ 5.查找职工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "************ 6.按照编号排序 ************" << endl;
cout << "************ 7.清空所有文档 ************" << endl;
cout << "******************************************" << endl;
cout << endl;
}
//退出系统
void workerManager::Exit_System()
{
if (this->save()) {
cout << "信息保存成功，欢迎下次使用" << endl;
system("pause");
exit(0);
}
else {
cout << "信息保存失败，请重新保存" << endl;
}
}
//添加职工
void workerManager::Add_Worker()
{
int newWorker = 0;
cout << "请输入添加职工数量：" << endl;
cin >> newWorker;
Worker** ptr = new Worker*[m_count + newWorker];
if (m_count) {
for (int i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
ptr[i] = ptr_Worker_array[i];
}
delete ptr_Worker_array;
}
ptr_Worker_array = ptr;
int id = -1;
string name;
int post = -1;
Worker *worker = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i < newWorker; i++) {
cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个职工的编号（输入0返回上级）：" << endl;
cin >> id;
while (true) {
if (id < 0) {
cout << "输入不合法，请重新输入：" << endl;
}
else if (id == 0) {
return;
}
else {
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < m_count; j++) {
if (id == ptr_Worker_array[j]->m_id) {
cout << "编号已被占用，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> id;
break;
}
}
if (j == m_count) {
break;
}
}
}
cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个职工的姓名：" << endl;
cin >> name;
cout << "请选择该职工岗位：" << endl;
cout << "1.老板" << endl;
cout << "2.经理" << endl;
cout << "3.员工" << endl;
cin >> post;
switch (post - 1) {
case BOSS:
worker = new Boss(id, name, BOSS);
break;
case MANAGER:
worker = new Manager(id, name, MANAGER);
break;
case EMPLOYEE:
worker = new Employee(id, name, EMPLOYEE);
break;
}
ptr_Worker_array[m_count] = worker;
m_count++;
}
if (this->save()) {
cout << "成功添加 " << newWorker << " 名职工信息" << endl;
m_EmptyFile = false;
}
}
//显示职工
void workerManager::Show_Worker()
{
if (m_count && !m_EmptyFile) {
for (int i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
ptr_Worker_array[i]->show_Info();
}
}
}
//删除职工
void workerManager::Del_Worker()
{
if (m_EmptyFile) {
cout << "文件不存在" << endl;
}
else if (m_count == 0) {
cout << "文件为空" << endl;
}
else {
cout << "请输入要删除的职工编号（输入0返回上级）：" << endl;
int id = 0, i = 0;
cin >> id;
while (id != ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_id) {
if (id < 0) {
cout << "输入不合法，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> id;
}
else if (id == 0) {
return;
}
else {
for (i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
if (id == ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_id) {
break;
}
}
if (i == m_count) {
cout << "查无此人，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> id;
i = 0;
}
}
}
delete ptr_Worker_array[i];
ptr_Worker_array[i] = NULL;
for (; i < m_count - 1; i++) {
ptr_Worker_array[i] = ptr_Worker_array[i + 1];
}
m_count--;
if (m_count == 0) m_EmptyFile = true;
if (this->save()) {
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
}
}
}
//修改职工
void workerManager::Mod_Worker()
{
if (m_EmptyFile) {
cout << "文件不存在" << endl;
}
else if (m_count == 0) {
cout << "文件为空" << endl;
}
else {
cout << "请输入要修改的职工编号（输入0返回上级）：" << endl;
int id = 0, i = 0;
cin >> id;
while (id != ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_id) {
if (id < 0) {
cout << "输入不合法，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> id;
}
else if (id == 0) {
return;
}
else {
for (i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
if (id == ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_id) {
break;
}
}
if (i == m_count) {
cout << "查无此人，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> id;
i = 0;
}
}
}
int newID = 0;
string newName;
int newPost = -1;
cout << "请输入新编号：" << endl;
cin >> newID;
while (true) {
if (newID <= 0) {
cout << "输入不合法，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> newID;
}
else {
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < m_count; j++) {
if (newID == ptr_Worker_array[j]->m_id&&i != j) {
cout << "编号已被占用，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> newID;
break;
}
}
if (j == m_count) {
break;
}
}
}
cout << "请输入新姓名：" << endl;
cin >> newName;
cout << "请选择职工岗位：" << endl;
cout << "1.老板" << endl;
cout << "2.经理" << endl;
cout << "3.员工" << endl;
cin >> newPost;
delete ptr_Worker_array[i];
ptr_Worker_array[i] = NULL;
switch (newPost - 1) {
case BOSS:ptr_Worker_array[i] = new Boss(newID, newName, BOSS);
break;
case MANAGER:ptr_Worker_array[i] = new Manager(newID, newName, MANAGER);
break;
case EMPLOYEE:ptr_Worker_array[i] = new Employee(newID, newName, EMPLOYEE);
break;
}
if (save()) {
cout << "修改成功" << endl;
}
}
}
void workerManager::Search_Worker()
{
cout << "请选择查找条件（输入0返回上级）：" << endl;
cout << "1.职工编号" << endl;
cout << "2.职工姓名" << endl;
int choice = 0;
cin >> choice;
while (choice) {
if (choice == 1) {
Search_ID();
break;
}
else if (choice == 2) {
Search_Name();
break;
}
else {
cout << "输入不合法，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> choice;
}
}
}
int workerManager::get_count()
{
int cnt = 0;
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);
if (ifs.is_open()) {
ifs >> cnt;
ifs.close();
}
return cnt;
}
int workerManager::save()
{
int res = 1;
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open(FILENAME, ios::out);
if (ofs.is_open()) {
ofs << m_count << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
ofs << ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_id << " "
<< ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_name << " "
<< ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_post << endl;
}
ofs.close();
}
else {
res = 0;
}
return res;
}
void workerManager::Search_ID()
{
cout << "请输入要查找的编号(输入0返回上级)：" << endl;
int id = -1;
cin >> id;
while (id) {
if (id < 0) {
cout << "输入不合法，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> id;
}
else {
for (int i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
if (id == ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_id) {
ptr_Worker_array[i]->show_Info();
id = 0;
break;
}
if (i == m_count - 1 && id != 0) {
cout << "查无此人，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> id;
}
}
}
}
}
void workerManager::Search_Name()
{
int cnt = 0;
cout << "请输入要查找的姓名(输入0返回上级)：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
while (name != "0") {
for (int i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
if (name == ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_name) {
cnt++;
ptr_Worker_array[i]->show_Info();
if (i == m_count - 1) name = "0";
}
if (i == m_count - 1 && cnt == 0) {
system("pause");
cout << "查无此人，请重新输入：" << endl;
cin >> name;
}
}
}
}
void workerManager::Sort_ID()
{
for (int i = 0; i < m_count - 1; i++) {
int MinOrMax = i;
for (int j = i + 1; j < m_count; j++) {
if (ptr_Worker_array[i]->m_id < ptr_Worker_array[j]->m_id) {
MinOrMax = j;
}
}
if (MinOrMax != i) {
Worker* temp = ptr_Worker_array[MinOrMax];
ptr_Worker_array[MinOrMax] = ptr_Worker_array[i];
ptr_Worker_array[i] = temp;
}
}
cout << "排序成功" << endl;
}
void workerManager::Clear_Worker()
{
if (m_count) {
for (int i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
if (ptr_Worker_array[i])
delete ptr_Worker_array[i];
ptr_Worker_array[i] = NULL;
}
m_count = 0;
}
if (save()) {
cout << "清空文件成功" << endl;
}
}
workerManager::~workerManager() {
if (m_count) {
for (int i = 0; i < m_count; i++) {
if (ptr_Worker_array[i])
delete ptr_Worker_array[i];
ptr_Worker_array[i] = NULL;
}
}
delete[] ptr_Worker_array;
ptr_Worker_array = NULL;
}
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