Expect工具

初识Expect工具

功能说明

• expect 是由Don Libes基于 Tcl（ Tool Command Language ）语言开发的，主要应用于自动化交互式 操作的场景，借助 expect 处理交互的命令，可以将交互过程如：ssh登录，ftp登录等写在一个脚本 上，使之自动化完成。尤其适用于需要对多台服务器执行相同操作的环境中，可以大大提高系统管理人 员的工作效率

expect语法

expect [选项] [ -c cmds ] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile ] [ args ]

常见选项

-c：从命令行执行expect脚本，默认expect是交互地执行的
-d：可以调试信息

expect中的相关命令

expect中相关命令
spawn 启动新的进程
expect 从进程接收字符串
send 用于向进程发送字符串
interact 允许用户交互
exp_continue 匹配多个字符串在执行动作后加此命令

单独expect的使用

#单一分支使用
[root@Ansible-Master ~15:47]#expect
expect1.1> set timeout -1
-1
expect1.2> expect "hi" { send "you said hi\n" }
xxx hhhh  iiii hi
you said hi

#多分支使用
expect1.1> expect {
+> "hi" { send "You said hi\n"}
+> "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself\n"}
+> "bye" { send  " Good bye\n"}
+> }
bye
 Good bye

expect脚本

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn scp /etc/redhat-release 192.168.213.122:/data
expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
        "password" { send  "redhat\n" }
}
expect eof

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn ssh 10.0.0.7
expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
        "password" { send  "redhat\n" }
}
interact

expect变量

#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip 10.0.0.7
set user root
set password redhat
set timeout 10
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
        "password" { send "$password\n" }
}
interact

expect 位置参数

#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [lindex $argv 0] 
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set password [lindex $argv 2]
set timeout 10
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
        "password" { send "$password\n" }
}
expect "]#" { send "useradd xiang\n" }
expect "]#" { send "echo redhat |passwd --stdin xiang\n" }
send "exit\n"
expect eof

#位置参数类似于bash的$1、$2、$3
./expect-2 192.168.213.121 root redhat

shell调用expect

#!/bin/bash
IP=$1
user=root
password=redhat
log_file=/root/expect.log

/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
    set timeout -1
    spawn ssh ${user}@${IP}
    expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
        "password" { send "${password}\n" }
    }
    expect "]$" { send "id xiang\n" }
    expect "]$" { send "echo redhat | passwd --stdin xiang\n" }
    expect "]$" { send "exit\n" }
    expect eof
EOF

shell调用expect并记录日志

#!/bin/bash
IP=$1
user=root
password=redhat
log_file=/root/expect.log

#记录日志方法1： /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF 
/usr/bin/expect <<-EOF
    logfile expect.log 
    set timeout -1
    spawn ssh ${user}@${IP}
    expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
        "password" { send "${password}\n" }
    }
    expect "]$" { send "id xiang\n" }
    expect "]$" { send "echo redhat | passwd --stdin xiang\n" }
    expect "]$" { send "exit\n" }
    expect eof
EOF

#记录日志方法2：/usr/bin/expect <<EOF >/root/expect.log
usr/bin/expect <<EOF >/root/expect.log
    logfile expect.log 
    set timeout -1
    spawn ssh ${user}@${IP}
    expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
        "password" { send "${password}\n" }
    }
    expect "]$" { send "id xiang\n" }
    expect "]$" { send "echo redhat | passwd --stdin xiang\n" }
    expect "]$" { send "exit\n" }
    expect eof
EOF

范例

#mysql 冷迁移
#!/bin/bash
#install expect rsync
file_log="/root/expect.log"
color_green="echo -e \033[1;32m"
color_red="echo -e \033[1;31m"
color_end="\033[0m"
for file in /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo ;do
    if [ ! -e ${file} ];then
         ${color_red}"请配置epel源"${color_end}; exit 1
    fi
done   
    grep 'epel' /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo && { yum makecache || { ${color_red}"yum不可用"${color_end};exit 1; } } || { echo "epel未配置";exit 1; }

${color_green}"install expect rsync start...."${color_end}
    yum -y -q install expect rsync expect >/dev/null || ${color_red}"package install failure "${color_end}

#确认数据库类型
 db_type=`rpm -qa |grep -E 'mysql|mariadb' |awk -F"-" '{if(NR == 1)print $1}'`
 if [[ $db_type =~ mariadb ]];then
        systemctl stop $db_type
    else
        db_type="mysqld"
        systemctl stop mysqld
 fi
 #创建备份端的备份目录
read -p "mysql-backup the IPaddres:" mysql_backup
read -s -p "mysql-backup the password:"  Password_1
read -p "mysql-master the IPaddres:" mysql_master
read -s -p "mysql-master the password:"  Password

/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
	set timeout 20
	spawn ssh-keygen
	expect {
		"Enter" { send "\n";exp_continue }
		"Enter" { send "\n"}
		"Enter" { send "\n"}
	}
expect eof
EOF

/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
	set timeout 20
	spawn scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ${mysql_backup}:/root/.ssh
	expect {
		"password" { send "${Password_1}\n" }
		}
expect eof
EOF

/usr/bin/expect <<EOF >${file_log}
    set timeout 20
    spawn ssh root@${mysql_backup}
    expect {
                "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
                "password" { send "${Password_1}\n" }
            }
    expect "#" { send "mkdir -p /backup/mysql-backup/\n" } 
    expect "#" { send "cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys\n" }
    expect "#" { send "yum -y -q install rsync opensll >/dev/null \n" }
    expect "#" { send "ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /root/sshkey -q\n" }
    expect "passphrase" { send "\n" }
    expect "Enter" { send "\n" }
    expect "#" { send "scp /root/sshkey.pub ${mysql_master}:/root\n" }
    expect "password" { send "${Password}\n" }
    expect "#" { send "exit\n" }
    expect eof
EOF
    #备份mysql文件至目标端
	if [ -e /root/sshkey.pub ];then
		cat /root/sshkey.pub |tee /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
		rsync -a /etc/my.cnf ${mysql_backup}:/backup/mysql-backup/
		rsync -a /etc/my.cnf.d ${mysql_backup}:/backup/mysql-backup/
     		rsync -a /var/lib/mysql ${mysql_backup}:/backup/mysql-backup/
	else
	     echo "backup failure";exit 1
	fi
    #重新启动数据库
     systemctl  start $db_type