Spring 整合 RabbitMQ

于 2022-08-06 10:39:37 发布
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分类专栏： rabbitmq 文章标签： spring java-rabbitmq rabbitmq
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_37846169/article/details/126189842
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本文详细介绍了如何使用Spring整合RabbitMQ，包括生产者和消费者的创建过程。生产者涉及配置文件设置、依赖引入及消息发布，消费者涵盖了配置、监听器编写及消息消费。总结强调了Spring简化RabbitMQ使用的优点。

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Spring 整合 RabbitMQ

Spring 整合 RabbitMQ

步骤

生产者
① 创建生产者工程
② 添加依赖
③ 配置整合
④ 编写代码发送消息

消费者
① 创建生产者工程
② 添加依赖
③ 配置整合
④ 编写消息监听器

生产者代码：

引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>spring-rabbitmq-consumer</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.amqp/spring-rabbit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

添加配置文件rabbitmq.properties：

rabbitmq.host=101.35.230.210
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=guest
rabbitmq.password=guest
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/

添加生产者配置文件spring-rabbitmq-producer.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:rabbitmq.properties"/>

    <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
    <!--定义管理交换机、队列-->
    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>

    <!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机
    默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称
    -->
    <!--
        id：bean的名称
        name：queue的名称
        auto-declare:自动创建
        auto-delete:自动删除。 最后一个消费者和该队列断开连接后，自动删除队列
        exclusive:是否独占
        durable：是否持久化
    -->
    <!--简单模式-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_hello_queue" name="spring_hello_queue" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列-->
    <rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:fanout-exchange>

    <!--<rabbit:direct-exchange name="aa" >
        <rabbit:bindings>
            &lt;!&ndash;direct 类型的交换机绑定队列  key ：路由key  queue：队列名称&ndash;&gt;
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_queue" key="xxx"></rabbit:binding>
        </rabbit:bindings>

    </rabbit:direct-exchange>-->

    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue1" name="spring_topic_queue1" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue2" name="spring_topic_queue2" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue3" name="spring_topic_queue3" auto-declare="true"/>

    <rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="info.*" queue="spring_topic_queue1"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="error.#" queue="spring_topic_queue2"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="order.#" queue="spring_topic_queue3"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:topic-exchange>

    <!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息-->
    <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
</beans>

编写生产者测试类发布消息：

package com.ll.rabbitmq;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * @Author 奥特曼
 * @Date 2022/8/6 0006 10:02
 * @Description 生产者
 **/


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-rabbitmq-producer.xml")
public class ProducerTest {

    //1.注入 RabbitTemplate
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testHelloWorld() {
        //2.发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_hello_queue", "hello world spring-rabbitmq....");
    }

    /**
     * 发送fanout消息
     */
    @Test
    public void testFanout() {
        //2.发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange", "", "hello fanout spring-rabbitmq....");
    }


    /**
     * 发送topic消息
     */
    @Test
    public void testTopics1() {
        //2.发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "info.hello", "info , hello topic spring-rabbitmmq....");
    }

    @Test
    public void testTopics2() {
        //2.发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "error.hello", "error , hello topic spring-rabbitmmq....");
    }

    @Test
    public void testTopics3() {
        //2.发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "order.hello", "order , hello topic spring-rabbitmmq....");
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

消费者代码：

引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>spring-rabbitmq-consumer</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.amqp/spring-rabbit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

添加配置文件rabbitmq.properties：

rabbitmq.host=101.35.230.210
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=guest
rabbitmq.password=guest
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/

添加消费者配置文件spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:rabbitmq.properties"/>

    <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>

    <bean id="SpringQueueListener" class="com.ll.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/>


    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:listener ref="SpringQueueListener" queue-names="spring_hello_queue"/>
        <!--<rabbit:listener ref="SpringQueueListener" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="SpringQueueListener" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="SpringQueueListener" queue-names="spring_topic_queue1"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="SpringQueueListener" queue-names="spring_topic_queue2"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="SpringQueueListener" queue-names="spring_topic_queue3"/>-->
    </rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>

添加监听类进行消息处理

package com.ll.rabbitmq.listener;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;

/**
 * @Author 奥特曼
 * @Date 2022/8/6 0006 10:29
 * @Description TODO
 **/
public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener {
    @Override
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        //打印消息
        System.out.println(new String(message.getBody()));
    }
}

编写消费者测试类消费消息

package com.ll.rabbitmq.listener;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * @Author 奥特曼
 * @Date 2022/8/6 0006 10:35
 * @Description TODO
 **/


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml")
public class ConsumerTest {

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        while (true) {
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

总结：

⚫ 使用 Spring 整合 RabbitMQ 将组件全部使用配置方式实现， 简化编码
⚫ Spring 提供 RabbitTemplate 简化发送消息 API
⚫ 使用监听机制简化消费者编码

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