### 使用Python调用MATLAB创建登录界面
为了通过Python调用MATLAB来创建一个简单的图形用户界面（GUI），特别是用于身份验证的登录窗口，通常会涉及以下几个方面：
#### 导入必要的库
首先，在Python环境中安装并导入`matlab.engine`模块。这允许Python脚本与MATLAB交互。
```python
import matlab.engine
```
#### 启动MATLAB引擎
启动MATLAB引擎以便能够执行MATLAB命令和函数。
```python
eng = matlab.engine.start_matlab()
```
#### MATLAB端编写GUI代码
在MATLAB中定义一个简单的GUIDE应用程序或App Designer项目作为登录表单。这里提供了一个简化版的例子，其中包含了用户名和密码字段以及提交按钮的功能逻辑[^1]。
假设已经有一个名为`login_gui.m`的文件保存了下面的内容:
```matlab
function varargout = login_gui(varargin)
% LOGIN_GUI M-file for login_gui.fig
% FORM = LOGIN_GUI() opens the GUI.
%
% See also: GUIDE.
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help login_gui
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @login_gui_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @login_gui_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before login_gui is made visible.
function login_gui_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to login_gui (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for login_gui
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes login_gui wait for input from user
uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = login_gui_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in submitButton.
function submitButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to submitButton (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
username = get(handles.usernameEdit,'String');
password = get(handles.passwordEdit,'String');
if strcmp(username,'admin') && strcmp(password,'secret')
disp('Login successful!');
setappdata(0,'LoggedInUser', username); % Store logged-in status globally
uiresume(gcbf); % Resume execution after waiting at uiwait
else
errordlg('Invalid credentials','Error');
end
```
此段MATLAB代码构建了一个具有两个文本框（分别对应于用户名和密码）及一个提交按钮的基础对话框。当点击提交时，它将检查输入是否匹配预设值(`'admin'`, `'secret'`)；如果是，则显示成功消息并结束等待状态，否则提示错误信息。
#### Python端调用MATLAB GUI
最后一步是在Python里运行上述MATLAB编写的GUI应用。可以通过如下方式完成：
```python
# 假定已存在上面提到的 .m 文件路径
eng.eval("run('path_to_your_file/login_gui.m');", nargout=0)
result = eng.getappdata(matlab.double([0]), "LoggedInUser") or None
print(f"Logged in as {result}")
```
这段Python代码片段尝试打开由MATLAB开发的登录界面，并获取全局存储的应用数据以确认是否有成功的登录事件发生。
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