零基础入门数据分析 Task2

这篇博客介绍了如何进行数据探索性分析(EDA)以准备预测二手车交易价格的任务。内容包括数据集介绍、评测标准、载入数据科学库、数据加载和初步观察,以及数据的描述性统计和缺失值检查。通过EDA,作者旨在帮助读者熟悉数据集,为后续的机器学习或深度学习做好准备。

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一、赛题数据

赛题以预测二手车的交易价格为任务,数据集报名后可见并可下载,该数据来自某交易平台的二手车交易记录,总数据量超过40w,包含31列变量信息,其中15列为匿名变量。为了保证比赛的公平性,将会从中抽取15万条作为训练集,5万条作为测试集A,5万条作为测试集B,同时会对name、model、brand和regionCode等信息进行脱敏

二、评测标准

评价标准为MAE(Mean Absolute Error)。
enter image description here
MAE越小,说明模型预测得越准确。

二、 EDA-数据探索性分析

Tip:此部分为零基础入门数据挖掘的 Task2 EDA-数据探索性分析 部分,带你来了解数据,熟悉数据,和数据做朋友,欢迎大家后续多多交流。

赛题:零基础入门数据挖掘 - 二手车交易价格预测

地址:https://tianchi.aliyun.com/competition/entrance/231784/introduction?spm=5176.12281957.1004.1.38b02448ausjSX

2.1 EDA目标

  • EDA的价值主要在于熟悉数据集,了解数据集,对数据集进行验证来确定所获得数据集可以用于接下来的机器学习或者深度学习使用。

  • 当了解了数据集之后我们下一步就是要去了解变量间的相互关系以及变量与预测值之间的存在关系。

  • 引导数据科学从业者进行数据处理以及特征工程的步骤,使数据集的结构和特征集让接下来的预测问题更加可靠。

  • 完成对于数据的探索性分析,并对于数据进行一些图表或者文字总结并打卡。

2.2 内容介绍

  1. 载入各种数据科学以及可视化库:
    • 数据科学库 pandas、numpy、scipy;
    • 可视化库 matplotlib、seabon;
    • 其他;
  2. 载入数据:
    • 载入训练集和测试集;
    • 简略观察数据(head()+shape);
  3. 数据总览:
    • 通过describe()来熟悉数据的相关统计量
    • 通过info()来熟悉数据类型
  4. 判断数据缺失和异常
    • 查看每列的存在nan情况
    • 异常值检测
  5. 了解预测值的分布
    • 总体分布概况(无界约翰逊分布等)
    • 查看skewness and kurtosis
    • 查看预测值的具体频数
  6. 特征分为类别特征和数字特征,并对类别特征查看unique分布
  7. 数字特征分析
    • 相关性分析
    • 查看几个特征得 偏度和峰值
    • 每个数字特征得分布可视化
    • 数字特征相互之间的关系可视化
    • 多变量互相回归关系可视化
  8. 类型特征分析
    • unique分布
    • 类别特征箱形图可视化
    • 类别特征的小提琴图可视化
    • 类别特征的柱形图可视化类别
    • 特征的每个类别频数可视化(count_plot)
  9. 用pandas_profiling生成数据报告

2.3 代码示例

2.3.1 载入各种数据科学以及可视化库

以下库都是pip install 安装, 有特殊情况我会单独说明 例如 pip install pandas -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

 

1

#coding:utf-8

2

#导入warnings包,利用过滤器来实现忽略警告语句。

3

import warnings

4

warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

5

6

import pandas as pd

7

import numpy as np

8

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

9

import seaborn as sns

10

import missingno as msno

2.3.2 载入数据

 

1

## 1) 载入训练集和测试集;

2

path = './datalab/231784/'

3

Train_data = pd.read_csv(path+'used_car_train_20200313.csv', sep=' ')

4

Test_data = pd.read_csv(path+'used_car_testA_20200313.csv', sep=' ')

所有特征集均脱敏处理(方便大家观看)

  • name - 汽车编码
  • regDate - 汽车注册时间
  • model - 车型编码
  • brand - 品牌
  • bodyType - 车身类型
  • fuelType - 燃油类型
  • gearbox - 变速箱
  • power - 汽车功率
  • kilometer - 汽车行驶公里
  • notRepairedDamage - 汽车有尚未修复的损坏
  • regionCode - 看车地区编码
  • seller - 销售方
  • offerType - 报价类型
  • creatDate - 广告发布时间
  • price - 汽车价格
  • v_0', 'v_1', 'v_2', 'v_3', 'v_4', 'v_5', 'v_6', 'v_7', 'v_8', 'v_9', 'v_10', 'v_11', 'v_12', 'v_13','v_14' 【匿名特征,包含v0-14在内15个匿名特征】

 

1

## 2) 简略观察数据(head()+shape)

2

Train_data.head().append(Train_data.tail())

[3]:

 SaleIDnameregDatemodelbrandbodyTypefuelTypegearboxpowerkilometer...v_5v_6v_7v_8v_9v_10v_11v_12v_13v_14
007362004040230.061.00.00.06012.5...0.2356760.1019880.1295490.0228160.097462-2.8818032.804097-2.4208210.7952920.914762
1122622003030140.012.00.00.0015.0...0.2647770.1210040.1357310.0265970.020582-4.9004822.096338-1.030483-1.7226740.245522
221487420040403115.0151.00.00.016312.5...0.2514100.1149120.1651470.0621730.027075-4.8467491.8035591.565330-0.832687-0.229963
337186519960908109.0100.00.01.019315.0...0.2742930.1103000.1219640.0333950.000000-4.5095991.285940-0.501868-2.438353-0.478699
4411108020120103110.051.00.00.0685.0...0.2280360.0732050.0918800.0788190.121534-1.8962400.9107830.9311102.8345181.923482
14999514999516397820000607121.0104.00.01.016315.0...0.2802640.0003100.0484410.0711580.0191741.988114-2.9839730.589167-1.304370-0.302592
14999614999618453520091102116.0110.00.00.012510.0...0.2532170.0007770.0840790.0996810.0793711.839166-2.7746152.5539940.924196-0.272160
1499971499971475872010100360.0111.01.00.0906.0...0.2333530.0007050.1188720.1001180.0979142.439812-1.6306772.2901971.8919220.414931
149998149998459072006031234.0103.01.00.015615.0...0.2563690.0002520.0814790.0835580.0814982.075380-2.6337191.4149370.431981-1.659014
1499991499991776721999020419.0286.00.01.019312.5...0.2844750.0000000.0400720.0625430.0258191.978453-3.1799130.031724-1.483350-0.342674

10 rows × 31 columns

 

1

Train_data.shape

[4]:

(150000, 31)

 

1

Test_data.head().append(Test_data.tail())

[5]:

 SaleIDnameregDatemodelbrandbodyTypefuelTypegearboxpowerkilometer...v_5v_6v_7v_8v_9v_10v_11v_12v_13v_14
01500006693220111212222.045.01.01.031315.0...0.2644050.1218000.0708990.1065580.078867-7.050969-0.8546264.8001510.620011-3.664654
11500011749601999021119.0210.00.00.07512.5...0.2617450.0000000.0967330.0137050.0523833.679418-0.729039-3.796107-1.541230-0.757055
215000253562009030482.0210.00.00.01097.0...0.2602160.1120810.0780820.0620780.050540-4.9266901.0011060.8265620.1382260.754033
315000350688201004050.000.00.01.01607.0...0.2604660.1067270.0811460.0759710.048268-4.8646370.5054931.8703790.3660381.312775
41500041614281997070326.0142.00.00.07515.0...0.2509990.0000000.0778060.0286000.0817093.616475-0.673236-3.197685-0.025678-0.101290
4999519999520903199605034.044.00.00.011615.0...0.2846640.1300440.0498330.0288070.004616-5.9785111.303174-1.207191-1.981240-0.357695
49996199996708199910110.000.00.00.07515.0...0.2681010.1080950.0660390.0254680.025971-3.9138251.759524-2.075658-1.1548470.169073
4999719999766932004041249.010.01.01.022415.0...0.2694320.1057240.1176520.0574790.015669-4.6390650.6547131.137756-1.3905310.254420
49998199998969002002000827.010.00.01.033415.0...0.2611520.0004900.1373660.0862160.0513831.833504-2.8286872.465630-0.911682-2.057353
4999919999919338420041109166.061.0NaN1.0689.0...0.2287300.0003000.1035340.0806250.1242642.914571-1.1352700.5476282.094057-1.552150

10 rows × 30 columns

 

1

Test_data.shape

[6]:

(50000, 30)

要养成看数据集的head()以及shape的习惯,这会让你每一步更放心,导致接下里的连串的错误, 如果对自己的pandas等操作不放心,建议执行一步看一下,这样会有效的方便你进行理解函数并进行操作

2.3.3 总览数据概况

  1. describe种有每列的统计量,个数count、平均值mean、方差std、最小值min、中位数25% 50% 75% 、以及最大值 看这个信息主要是瞬间掌握数据的大概的范围以及每个值的异常值的判断,比如有的时候会发现999 9999 -1 等值这些其实都是nan的另外一种表达方式,有的时候需要注意下
  2. info 通过info来了解数据每列的type,有助于了解是否存在除了nan以外的特殊符号异常

 

1

## 1) 通过describe()来熟悉数据的相关统计量

2

Train_data.describe()

[7]:

 SaleIDnameregDatemodelbrandbodyTypefuelTypegearboxpowerkilometer...v_5v_6v_7v_8v_9v_10v_11v_12v_13v_14
count150000.000000150000.0000001.500000e+05149999.000000150000.000000145494.000000141320.000000144019.000000150000.000000150000.000000...150000.000000150000.000000150000.000000150000.000000150000.000000150000.000000150000.000000150000.000000150000.000000150000.000000
mean74999.50000068349.1728732.003417e+0747.1290218.0527331.7923690.3758420.224943119.31654712.597160...0.2482040.0449230.1246920.0581440.061996-0.0010000.0090350.0048130.000313-0.000688
std43301.41452761103.8750955.364988e+0449.5360407.8649561.7606400.5486770.417546177.1684193.919576...0.0458040.0517430.2014100.0291860.0356923.7723863.2860712.5174781.2889881.038685
min0.0000000.0000001.991000e+070.0000000.0000000.0000000.0000000.0000000.0000000.500000...0.0000000.0000000.0000000.0000000.000000-9.168192-5.558207-9.639552-4.153899-6.546556
25%37499.75000011156.0000001.999091e+0710.0000001.0000000.0000000.0000000.00000075.00000012.500000...0.2436150.0000380.0624740.0353340.033930-3.722303-1.951543-1.871846-1.057789-0.437034
50%74999.50000051638.0000002.003091e+0730.0000006.0000001.0000000.0000000.000000110.00000015.000000...0.2577980.0008120.0958660.0570140.0584841.624076-0.358053-0.130753-0.0362450.141246
75%112499.250000118841.2500002.007111e+0766.00000013.0000003.0000001.0000000.000000150.00000015.000000...0.2652970.1020090.1252430.0793820.0874912.8443571.2550221.7769330.9428130.680378
max149999.000000196812.0000002.015121e+07247.00000039.0000007.0000006.0000001.00000019312.00000015.000000...0.2918380.1514201.4049360.1607910.22278712.35701118.81904213.84779211.1476698.658418

8 rows × 30 columns

 

1

Test_data.describe()

[8]:

 SaleIDnameregDatemodelbrandbodyTypefuelTypegearboxpowerkilometer...v_5v_6v_7v_8v_9v_10v_11v_12v_13v_14
count50000.00000050000.0000005.000000e+0450000.00000050000.00000048587.00000047107.00000048090.00000050000.00000050000.000000...50000.00000050000.00000050000.00000050000.00000050000.00000050000.00000050000.00000050000.00000050000.00000050000.000000
mean174999.50000068542.2232802.003393e+0746.8445208.0562401.7821850.3734050.224350119.88362012.595580...0.2486690.0450210.1227440.0579970.062000-0.017855-0.013742-0.013554-0.0031470.001516
std14433.90106761052.8081335.368870e+0449.4695487.8194771.7607360.5464420.417158185.0973873.908979...0.0446010.0517660.1959720.0292110.0356533.7479853.2312582.5159621.2865971.027360
min150000.0000000.0000001.991000e+070.0000000.0000000.0000000.0000000.0000000.0000000.500000...0.0000000.0000000.0000000.0000000.000000-9.160049-5.411964-8.916949-4.123333-6.112667
25%162499.75000011203.5000001.999091e+0710.0000001.0000000.0000000.0000000.00000075.00000012.500000...0.2437620.0000440.0626440.0350840.033714-3.700121-1.971325-1.876703-1.060428-0.437920
50%174999.50000052248.5000002.003091e+0729.0000006.0000001.0000000.0000000.000000109.00000015.000000...0.2578770.0008150.0958280.0570840.0587641.613212-0.355843-0.142779-0.0359560.138799
75%187499.250000118856.5000002.007110e+0765.00000013.0000003.0000001.0000000.000000150.00000015.000000...0.2653280.1020250.1254380.0790770.0874892.8327081.2629141.7643350.9414690.681163
max199999.000000196805.0000002.015121e+07246.00000039.0000007.0000006.0000001.00000020000.00000015.000000...0.2916180.1532651.3588130.1563550.21477512.33887218.85621812.9504985.9132732.624622

8 rows × 29 columns

 

1

## 2) 通过info()来熟悉数据类型

2

Train_data.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 150000 entries, 0 to 149999
Data columns (total 31 columns):
SaleID               150000 non-null int64
name                 150000 non-null int64
regDate              150000 non-null int64
model                149999 non-null float64
brand                150000 non-null int64
bodyType             145494 non-null float64
fuelType             141320 non-null float64
gearbox              144019 non-null float64
power                150000 non-null int64
kilometer            150000 non-null float64
notRepairedDamage    150000 non-null object
regionCode           150000 non-null int64
seller               150000 non-null int64
offerType            150000 non-null int64
creatDate            150000 non-null int64
price                150000 non-null int64
v_0                  150000 non-null float64
v_1                  150000 non-null float64
v_2                  150000 non-null float64
v_3                  150000 non-null float64
v_4                  150000 non-null float64
v_5                  150000 non-null float64
v_6                  150000 non-null float64
v_7                  150000 non-null float64
v_8                  150000 non-null float64
v_9                  150000 non-null float64
v_10                 150000 non-null float64
v_11                 150000 non-null float64
v_12                 150000 non-null float64
v_13                 150000 non-null float64
v_14                 150000 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(20), int64(10), object(1)
memory usage: 35.5+ MB

 

1

Test_data.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 50000 entries, 0 to 49999
Data columns (total 30 columns):
SaleID               50000 non-null int64
name                 50000 non-null int64
regDate              50000 non-null int64
model                50000 non-null float64
brand                50000 non-null int64
bodyType             48587 non-null float64
fuelType             47107 non-null float64
gearbox              48090 non-null float64
power                50000 non-null int64
kilometer            50000 non-null float64
notRepairedDamage    50000 non-null object
regionCode           50000 non-null int64
seller               50000 non-null int64
offerType            50000 non-null int64
creatDate            50000 non-null int64
v_0                  50000 non-null float64
v_1                  50000 non-null float64
v_2                  50000 non-null float64
v_3                  50000 non-null float64
v_4                  50000 non-null float64
v_5                  50000 non-null float64
v_6                  50000 non-null float64
v_7                  50000 non-null float64
v_8                  50000 non-null float64
v_9                  50000 non-null float64
v_10                 50000 non-null float64
v_11                 50000 non-null float64
v_12                 50000 non-null float64
v_13                 50000 non-null float64
v_14                 50000 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(20), int64(9), object(1)
memory usage: 11.4+ MB

2.3.4 判断数据缺失和异常

 

1

## 1) 查看每列的存在nan情况

2

Train_data.isnull().sum()

[11]:

SaleID                  0
name                    0
regDate                 0
model                   1
brand                   0
bodyType             4506
fuelType             8680
gearbox              5981
power                   0
kilometer               0
notRepairedDamage       0
regionCode              0
seller                  0
offerType               0
creatDate               0
price                   0
v_0                     0
v_1                     0
v_2                     0
v_3                     0
v_4                     0
v_5                     0
v_6                     0
v_7                     0
v_8                     0
v_9                     0
v_10                    0
v_11                    0
v_12                    0
v_13                    0
v_14                    0
dtype: int64

 

1

Test_data.isnull().sum()

[12]:

SaleID                  0
name                    0
regDate                 0
model                   0
brand                   0
bodyType             1413
fuelType             2893
gearbox              1910
power                   0
kilometer               0
notRepairedDamage       0
regionCode              0
seller                  0
offerType               0
creatDate               0
v_0                     0
v_1                     0
v_2                     0
v_3                     0
v_4                     0
v_5                     0
v_6                     0
v_7                     0
v_8                     0
v_9                     0
v_10                    0
v_11                    0
v_12                    0
v_13                    0
v_14                    0
dtype: int64

 

1

# nan可视化

2

missing = Train_data.isnull().sum()

3

missing = missing[missing > 0]

4

missing.sort_values(inplace=True)

5

missing.plot.bar()
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