CopyOnWriteArrayList

CopyOnWriteArrayList

多读少写,并发读,加锁写,写时复制

源码

定义

    final transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private transient volatile Object[] array;

getArray

    final Object[] getArray() {
        return array;
    }

setArray

    final void setArray(Object[] a) {
        array = a;
    }

get

    public E get(int index) {
        return get(getArray(), index);
    }
    
    private E get(Object[] a, int index) {
        return (E) a[index];
    }
    

set

    public E set(int index, E element) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            E oldValue = get(elements, index);

            if (oldValue != element) {
                int len = elements.length;
                Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len);
                newElements[index] = element;
                setArray(newElements);
            } else {
                // Not quite a no-op; ensures volatile write semantics
                setArray(elements);
            }
            return oldValue;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

add

    public boolean add(E e) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
            newElements[len] = e;
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void add(int index, E element) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            if (index > len || index < 0)
                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+", Size: "+len);
            Object[] newElements;
            int numMoved = len - index;
            if (numMoved == 0)
                newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
            else {
                newElements = new Object[len + 1];
                System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
                System.arraycopy(elements, index, newElements, index + 1,
                                 numMoved);
            }
            newElements[index] = element;
            setArray(newElements);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

remove

    public E remove(int index) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            E oldValue = get(elements, index);
            int numMoved = len - index - 1;
            if (numMoved == 0)
                setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - 1));
            else {
                Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
                System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
                System.arraycopy(elements, index + 1, newElements, index,
                                 numMoved);
                setArray(newElements);
            }
            return oldValue;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        Object[] snapshot = getArray();
        int index = indexOf(o, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length);
        return (index < 0) ? false : remove(o, snapshot, index);
    }

    private boolean remove(Object o, Object[] snapshot, int index) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] current = getArray();
            int len = current.length;
            if (snapshot != current) findIndex: {
                int prefix = Math.min(index, len);
                for (int i = 0; i < prefix; i++) {
                    if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(o, current[i])) {
                        index = i;
                        break findIndex;
                    }
                }
                if (index >= len)
                    return false;
                if (current[index] == o)
                    break findIndex;
                index = indexOf(o, current, index, len);
                if (index < 0)
                    return false;
            }
            Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
            System.arraycopy(current, 0, newElements, 0, index);
            System.arraycopy(current, index + 1,
                             newElements, index,
                             len - index - 1);
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

比较

CopyOnWriteArrayList、ArrayList和Vector

• ArrayList是线程不安全的
• Vector增删改查方法都加synchronized，保证同步，每个方法执行的时候都要去获得锁，性能就会大大下降
• CopyOnWriteArrayList增删改加锁，读不加锁，在读方面的性能优于Vector
• Vector是比较古老的线程安全的，但性能不行

总结

CopyOnWriteArrayList相当于线程安全的ArrayList，CopyOnWriteArrayList使用了一种叫写时复制的方法，当有新元素add到CopyOnWriteArrayList时，先从原有的数组中拷贝一份出来，然后在新的数组做写操作，写完之后，再将原来的数组引用指向到新数组。

对CopyOnWriteArrayList容器进行并发的读,不需要加锁,因为当前容器不会添加任何元素,读写分离的思想,读和写不同的容器.

CopyOnWriteArrayList的可变操作(add、set、remove)都是在锁的保护下进行的,这些方法是线程安全的

主要用于读多写少的并发场景,如白名单、黑名单、商品类目的访问和更新场景、缓存