Hello World

2.3 -- VariablesC++ programs typically are composed of many files. In order for multiple files to access the same variable, C++ distinguishes between declarations and definitions.A definition

Sequential Containersvector    Supports fast random accesslist      Supports fast insertion/deletiondeque     Double-ended queueSequential Container Adaptorsstack     Last in/Fir

5.11 -- The new and delete ExpressionsWhen we writedelete p;p becomes undefined. Although p is undefined, on many machines,p still contains the address of the object to which it pointed. H

7.2 -- Argument PassingNote:When the only reason to make a parameter a reference is to avoid copying the argument, the parameter should beconst reference.It should be obvious that a functi

13.1 -- The Copy ConstructorThe constructor that takes a single parameter that is a (usuallyconst) reference to an object of the class type itself is called the copy constructor. Like the defaul

12.4 -- ConstructorsIf a class defines even one constructor, then the compiler will not generate the default constructor.The synthesized default constructor initializes members using the s

4.3 -- C-Style Character StringsWhen we allocate memory, we must eventually free it. Otherwise, memory is gradually used up and may be exhausted. When we no longer need the array, we mustexplici

Generic programming involves writing code in a way that is independent of any particular type.Templates are the foundation of generic programming.Generic programming lets us write classes and function

Object-oriented programming is based on three fundamental concepts:data abstraction, inheritance, and dynamic binding. In C++ we use classes for data abstraction and class derivation to inherit one cl