ElasticSearch 基础查询语句

1. 数据准备

PUT /test_data/_doc/1
{
  "name":"xiao sa",
  "desc":"First place in the singing contest, The Voice first, love diving",
  "age":25,
  "tage":["Singer","diver"],
  "owner":{
    "job":"Middle school teacher",
    "city":"shenzhen"
  },
  "create_date":"2024-03-03",
  "count":30000
}

PUT /test_data/_doc/2
{
  "name":"zhang feng",
  "desc":"Third place in the Singing contest, second place in the Voice, love mountaineering",
  "age":22,
  "tage":["Singer","Companion (s) travelling with you"],
   "owner":{
    "job":"Freelance work",
    "city":"shenzhen"
  },
  "create_date":"2024-03-03",
  "count":22000
}

PUT /test_data/_doc/3
{
  "name":"li sa",
  "desc":"The Voice of China number one, love diving",
  "age":29,
  "tage":["Singer","diver"],
  "owner":{
    "job":"University teacher",
    "city":"chongqin"
  },
  "create_date":"2024-03-02",
  "count":28000
}

PUT /test_data/_doc/4
{
  "name":"yang chao",
  "desc":"International F1 driver, extreme sports enthusiast",
  "age":25,
  "tage":["Racing driver","Extreme sports"],
  "owner":{
    "job":"Scientific research worker",
    "city":"chongqin"
  },
  "create_date":"2024-03-01",
  "count":20000
}

2. 基本数据操作

查询所有数据
GET test_data/_search
删除指定数据
DELETE /test_data/_doc/U_2xAo4BpIDK9BOwZXqI
查询结果字段指定字段返回
GET test_data/_search
{
  "_source": ["name","owner.job"], // 指定返回的字段
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}
多字段查询
GET test_data/_search
{
  "query":{
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "Singer",
      "fields": ["desc","tage"]  // 同时在desc和tage查询有 Singer 的数据
    }
  }
}
短语查询  查询词语会被分词，被检索的数据包含查询词语分词的所有并且顺序相同才会被检索到
GET test_data/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_phrase": {
      "desc": "China number one"
    }
  }
}
term 精准查询
GET test_data/_search
{
  "query":{
    "term": {
      "name": "li sha"
    }
  }
}
范围查询
{
  "query":{
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 25,
        "lte": 29
      }
    }
  }
}

3. 组合查询

must  所有条件都满足
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "sa"
          }
        },
        {
          "match_phrase": {
            "desc": "China number one"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
filter  注意 查询结果不会有_score 得分
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "sa"
          }
        },
        {
          "match_phrase": {
            "desc": "China number one"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
must_not 
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "sa"
          }
        },
        {
          "match_phrase": {
            "desc": "China number one"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
should  相当于MYSQL 的 or  满足其中一个就行
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match_phrase": {
            "desc": "China number one"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "zhang"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
must 和filter的组合使用，filter不计算相关性评分，先筛选数据后再做数据must匹配可以提升查询性能，减少查询的资源消耗，filter的相同条件查询会有缓存，短时间内再次查询会更快
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "range": {
            "age": {
              "gte": 20,
              "lte": 29
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "zhang"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
filter should组合查询，minimum_should_match若不填则should里面的查询条件将失效，minimum_should_match的值是should里面满足条件的最低个数
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "range": {
            "age": {
              "gte": 20,
              "lte": 29
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "zhang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match": 1
    }
  }
}