python自动化运维

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转载最新推荐文章于 2026-05-29 12:06:44 发布 1.3k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Python自动化运维介绍一技能要求 1 了解Python基础知识 2 了解运维的基础知识 3 运行环境：python2.7 二运维发展的不同阶段 1 传统运维命令行批量脚本 2 自动化运维 3 云运维三传统运维特点 1 资源少 2 业务结构简单 3 运维工作简单四传统运维确定 1 效率低 2 无法跨平台 3 资源分散 4 无标准五什么是自动化运维 1 错误定义 ... 阅读详情

virtualenv

virtualenv 允许多个版本的 Python 同时存在，对应不同的项目。它实际上并没有安装独立的 Python 副本，但是它确实提供了一种巧妙的方式来让各项目环境保持独立。

如果你在 Mac OS X 或 Linux下，下面两条命令可能会适用:

$ sudo easy_install virtualenv

或更好的:

$ sudo pip install virtualenv

上述的命令会在你的系统中安装 virtualenv。它甚至可能会存在于包管理器中，如果你使用 Ubuntu ，可以尝试:

$ sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv

现在你只需要键入以下的命令来激活 virtualenv 中的 Flask:

$ pip install Flask

全局安装

这样也是可以的，只需要以 root 权限运行 pip:

$ sudo pip install Flask

Mysqldb for python

yum install MySQL-python

首先数据库建表

建立一个数据库“falcon”，建表语句如下：

CREATE TABLE `stat` (

`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

` host` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,

`mem_free` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`mem_usage` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`mem_total` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`load_avg` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,

` time` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY ` host` (` host`(255))

) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT =0 DEFAULT CHARSET =utf8;

首先我们设计一个web服务，实现如下功能：

完成监控页面展示
接受POST提交上来的数据
提供json数据GET接口

目录结构如下：

web

├── flask_web . py

└── templates

└── mon . html

flask_web.py

import MySQLdb as mysql
import json
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
db = mysql.connect(user="reboot", passwd="reboot123", \
        db="falcon", charset="utf8")
db.autocommit(True)
c = db.cursor()

@app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def hello():
    sql = ""
    if request.method == "POST":
        data = request.json
        try:
            sql = "INSERT INTO `stat` (`host`,`mem_free`,`mem_usage`,`mem_total`,`load_avg`,`time`) VALUES('%s', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%d')" % (data['Host'], data['MemFree'], data['MemUsage'], data['MemTotal'], data['LoadAvg'], int(data['Time']))
            ret = c.execute(sql)
        except mysql.IntegrityError:
            pass
        return "OK"
    else:
        return render_template("mon.html")

@app.route("/data", methods=["GET"])
def getdata():
    c.execute("SELECT `time`,`mem_usage` FROM `stat`")
    ones = [[i[0]*1000, i[1]] for i in c.fetchall()]
    return "%s(%s);" % (request.args.get('callback'), json.dumps(ones))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8888, debug=True)

import MySQLdb as mysql

import json

from flask import Flask , request , render_template

app = Flask ( __name__ )

db = mysql . connect ( user = "reboot" , passwd = "reboot123" , \

db = "falcon" , charset = "utf8" )

db . autocommit ( True )

c = db . cursor ( )

@ app . route ( "/" , methods = [ "GET" , "POST" ] )

def hello ( ) :

sql = ""

if request . method == "POST" :

data = request . json

try :

sql = "INSERT INTO `stat` (`host`,`mem_free`,`mem_usage`,`mem_total`,`load_avg`,`time`) VALUES('%s', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%d')" % ( data [ 'Host' ] , data [ 'MemFree' ] , data [ 'MemUsage' ] , data [ 'MemTotal' ] , data [ 'LoadAvg' ] , int ( data [ 'Time' ] ) )

ret = c . execute ( sql )

except mysql . IntegrityError :

pass

return "OK"

else :

return render_template ( "mon.html" )

@ app . route ( "/data" , methods = [ "GET" ] )

def getdata ( ) :

c . execute ( "SELECT `time`,`mem_usage` FROM `stat`" )

ones = [ [ i [ 0 ] * 1000 , i [ 1 ] ] for i in c . fetchall ( ) ]

return "%s(%s);" % ( request . args . get ( 'callback' ) , json . dumps ( ones ) )

if __name__ == "__main__" :

app . run ( host = "0.0.0.0" , port = 8888 , debug = True )

这个template页面是我抄的highstock的示例，mon.html

简单起见我们只展示mem_usage信息到页面上

<title>51reboot.com</title>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
        <title>Highstock Example</title>

// Create the chart
        $('#container').highcharts('StockChart', {

rangeSelector: {
                inputEnabled: $('#container').width() > 480,
                selected: 1
            },

title: {
                text: '51Reboot.com'
            },

series: [{
                name: '51Reboot.com',
                data: data,
                type: 'spline',
                tooltip: {
                    valueDecimals: 2
                }
            }]
        });
    });
});
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
<script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highstock/2.0.4/highstock.js"></script>
<script src="http://code.highcharts.com/modules/exporting.js"></script>

<title> 51reboot.com </title>

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head>

<title> Highstock Example </title>

$ { demo.css }

</style>

$ ( function ( ) {

$ . getJSON ( '/data?callback=?' , function ( data ) {

// Create the chart

$ ( '#container' ) . highcharts ( 'StockChart' , {

rangeSelector : {

inputEnabled : $ ( '#container' ) . width ( ) > 480 ,

selected : 1

} ,

title : {

text : '51Reboot.com'

} ,

series : [ {

name : '51Reboot.com' ,

data : data ,

type : 'spline' ,

tooltip : {

valueDecimals : 2

}

} ]

} ) ;

</script>

</head>

<body>

</body>

</html>

web展示页面完成了，运行起来：

python flask_web.py 监听在8888端口上

我们需要做一个agent来采集数据，并上传数据库

moniItems.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
import inspect
import time
import urllib, urllib2
import json
import socket

class mon:
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = {}

def getTime(self):
        return str(int(time.time()) + 8 * 3600)

def getHost(self):
        return socket.gethostname()

def getLoadAvg(self):
        with open('/proc/loadavg') as load_open:
            a = load_open.read().split()[:3]
            return ','.join(a)
    
    def getMemTotal(self):
        with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
            a = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
            return a / 1024
    
    def getMemUsage(self, noBufferCache=True):
        if noBufferCache:
            with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
                T = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                F = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                B = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                C = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                return (T-F-B-C)/1024
        else:
            with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
                a = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1]) - int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                return a / 1024
    
    def getMemFree(self, noBufferCache=True):
        if noBufferCache:
            with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
                T = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                F = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                B = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                C = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                return (F+B+C)/1024
        else:
            with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
                mem_open.readline()
                a = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
                return a / 1024
    
    def runAllGet(self):
        #自动获取mon类里的所有getXXX方法，用XXX作为key，getXXX()的返回值作为value，构造字典
        for fun in inspect.getmembers(self, predicate=inspect.ismethod):
            if fun[0][:3] == 'get':
                self.data[fun[0][3:]] = fun[1]()
        return self.data

if __name__ == "__main__":
    while True:
        m = mon()
        data = m.runAllGet()
        print data
        req = urllib2.Request("http://51reboot.com:8888", json.dumps(data), {'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
        f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
        response = f.read()
        print response
        f.close()
        time.sleep(60)

#!/usr/bin/env python

import inspect

import time

import urllib , urllib2

import json

import socket

class mon :

def __init__ ( self ) :

self . data = { }

def getTime ( self ) :

return str ( int ( time . time ( ) ) + 8 * 3600 )

def getHost ( self ) :

return socket . gethostname ( )

def getLoadAvg ( self ) :

with open ( '/proc/loadavg' ) as load_open :

a = load_open . read ( ) . split ( ) [ : 3 ]

return ',' . join ( a )

def getMemTotal ( self ) :

with open ( '/proc/meminfo' ) as mem_open :

a = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

return a / 1024

def getMemUsage ( self , noBufferCache = True ) :

if noBufferCache :

with open ( '/proc/meminfo' ) as mem_open :

T = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

F = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

B = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

C = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

return ( T - F - B - C ) / 1024

else :

with open ( '/proc/meminfo' ) as mem_open :

a = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] ) - int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

return a / 1024

def getMemFree ( self , noBufferCache = True ) :

if noBufferCache :

with open ( '/proc/meminfo' ) as mem_open :

T = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

F = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

B = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

C = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

return ( F + B + C ) / 1024

else :

with open ( '/proc/meminfo' ) as mem_open :

mem_open . readline ( )

a = int ( mem_open . readline ( ) . split ( ) [ 1 ] )

return a / 1024

def runAllGet ( self ) :

#自动获取mon类里的所有getXXX方法，用XXX作为key，getXXX()的返回值作为value，构造字典

for fun in inspect . getmembers ( self , predicate = inspect . ismethod ) :

if fun [ 0 ] [ : 3 ] == 'get' :

self . data [ fun [ 0 ] [ 3 : ] ] = fun [ 1 ] ( )

return self . data

if __name__ == "__main__" :

while True :

m = mon ( )

data = m . runAllGet ( )

print data

req = urllib2 . Request ( "http://51reboot.com:8888" , json . dumps ( data ) , { 'Content-Type' : 'application/json' } )

f = urllib2 . urlopen ( req )

response = f . read ( )

print response

f . close ( )

time . sleep ( 60 )

nohup python moniItems.py >/dev/null 2>&1 & 运行起来

访问 http://51reboot.com:8888 就可以看到我们的监控数据了：效果图如下

【Python】Python自动化运维基础信息技术的飞速发展，使得企业对IT系统的依赖性空前提高。系统的规模、复杂度以及变更频率的激增，给传统的IT运维带来了巨大的挑战。运维不再仅仅是“维持系统运行”，而是要确保业务的连续性、高效性、安全性与成本可控性。在这样的背景下，自动化运维应运而生，并逐渐成为现代IT运维的核心。而DevOps作为一种文化、一套实践方法和一系列工具的集合，进一步推动了开发（Development）与运维（Operations）的融合，旨在提升软件交付的速度与质量。传统运维的痛点与挑战自动化运维的价值与目标DevOps理念：文化阅读详情

python自动化运维

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