Golang(8)-goquery库的使用

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原创 2022-04-10 23:32:34 3.7k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Go语言简单爬虫 goquery : https://github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery首先，在这里介绍使用一个叫goquery的包，这个是go语言写爬虫非常好用的一个包，包含了网络连接和元素处理等。先来试试go get github.com/Puerkito/goquery如何从github.com下载与配置包已经在之前的文档中解释： Git指令使用现在发现，这里无法get这个包，提示的... 阅读详情

文章目录

更多关于Golang核心编程知识的文章请看：Golang核心编程(0)-目录页

goquery是golang的一个爬虫常用第三方库，它主要的作用是处理html文档，将其我们需要的内容进行筛选处理。goquery是golang领域的jquery，它的使用和jquery的选择器有十分相似，如果你学过jquery，那么将十分容易上手。

一、goquery库的安装

具体的安装方式网上讲得很清楚，但是你可能会遇到以下问题：
报错package golang.org/x/net/websocket: unrecognized import path
原因在于本地缺少一个golang.org/x/net的包，用以下方法可以解决：

https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_31967569/article/details/81060525

二、goquery的使用

网上有两篇文章讲得很清楚，这里就不再讲了，大家可以查阅：

三、爬取优快云首页文章

3.1、需求分析

显示，打开优快云的首页，我们先确定我们需要爬的数据是什么
在这里插入图片描述
这次我打算爬的是首页文章中的文章名、文章地址、文章作者以及阅读数。

3.2、分析当前页面的html文档

右键，查看页面的源代码，并将源代码拷贝到阅读工具中方便阅读，这里我用的是notepad++去分析html文档
在这里插入图片描述

1、首先锁定文章名所在的位置

很快可以发现，文章名的外层是一个a标签，而所有的文章数据都以 list_con这个class的方式循环而得，所以，获取文章名的goquery选择器可以这么写：

document.Find("#feedlist_id").Find("div.list_con").Each(func(i int, selection *goquery.Selection) {
		name1 := selection.Find("div.title h2 a")
		fmt.Printf("name is :%v\n",name1.Text())
	})

得出以下结果，成功地获取了所有文章的名字，第一步完成
在这里插入图片描述

2、锁定文章地址位置

document.Find("#feedlist_id").Find("div.list_con").Each(func(i int, selection *goquery.Selection) {
		url,_:= selection.Find(".read_num").Find("a").Attr("href")
		fmt.Printf("url is :%v\n",url)
	})

这里锁定了a标签之后，用了Attr方法去获得href属性中的地址值：
在这里插入图片描述

3、锁定文章作者

document.Find("#feedlist_id").Find("div.list_con").Each(func(i int, selection *goquery.Selection) {
		author := selection.Find(".name").Find("a")
		fmt.Printf("author is :%v\n",author.Text())
	})

在这里插入图片描述

4、锁定文章阅读数

document.Find("#feedlist_id").Find("div.list_con").Each(func(i int, selection *goquery.Selection) {
   	numbers := selection.Find(".read_num").Find("a span.num")
   	fmt.Printf("numbers is :%v\n",numbers.Text())
   })

在这里插入图片描述

四、爬虫完整程序

package main

import (
	"net/http"
	"github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	//获得response
	response, err := http.Get("https://www.youkuaiyun.com/")
	if err != nil{
		return
	}
	//使用goquery解析response响应体获得html文档
	document, err := goquery.NewDocumentFromReader(response.Body)
	if err != nil{
		return
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	//开始解析
	 document.Find("#feedlist_id").Find("div.list_con").Each(func(i int, selection *goquery.Selection) {
		name1 := selection.Find("div.title h2 a")
		 url,_:= selection.Find(".read_num").Find("a").Attr("href")
		 author := selection.Find(".name").Find("a")
		 numbers := selection.Find(".read_num").Find("a span.num")

		fmt.Printf("index is :%d|name is :%v|author is :%v|numbers is :%v|url is :%v \n",i,strings.TrimSpace(name1.Text()),strings.TrimSpace(author.Text()),numbers.Text(),strings.TrimSpace(url))
	})
 
}

成功地爬取了优快云首页的文章数据，之后可以将其写入文件中或者数据库中，如需改进性能的话可以改用多协程，有兴趣的朋友可以深入研究！

index is :0|name is :Python爬取抖音APP，竟然只需要十行代码|author is :娇兮心有之|numbers is :2262|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_40925239/article/details/83786958 
index is :1|name is :千万别做老板最不能容忍的三种人 z|author is :这个也很漂亮|numbers is :1712|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hdfghh/article/details/83955147 
index is :2|name is :程序员晒出小学儿子满分作文《我的爸爸》，真实的让人心疼|author is :taya_a|numbers is :1642|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/taya_a/article/details/83958356 
index is :3|name is :腾讯 阿里 华为的岗位薪资情况概述|author is :小风花|numbers is :2114|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hdfyhf/article/details/83931804 
index is :4|name is :震惊，20年开发经验的技术总监不会搭建Java开发环境|author is :Java填坑之路|numbers is :3733|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/yelvgou9995/article/details/83961061 
index is :5|name is :在操作系统、芯片领域跌倒的中国程序员，如何崛起？|author is :残留的淡影|numbers is :835|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_43587861/article/details/83958910 
index is :6|name is :刚写完排序算法，就被开除了…|author is :Java技术栈|numbers is :605|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/youanyyou/article/details/84026290 
index is :7|name is :有个程序员男友是什么感觉？女网友：连约个会都要处理BUG！|author is :不玩代码的一鸣|numbers is :2051|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_43338842/article/details/83932502 
index is :8|name is :程序员吐槽阿里加班文化上班太累，网友：做程序员这也算高强度？|author is :不玩代码的一鸣|numbers is :1502|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_43338842/article/details/83932471 
index is :9|name is :sql 存储过程|author is :树叶子hza|numbers is :1712|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hza419763578/article/details/83961826 
index is :10|name is :【软件设计师】——总结|author is :邢美玲|numbers is :233|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/xml1996/article/details/83959290 
index is :11|name is :虚拟机和Docker的最大区别|author is :JerryWangSAP|numbers is :467|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/i042416/article/details/84034510 
index is :12|name is :快进来看程序员风格的修真小说！|author is :Java填坑之路|numbers is :485|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/yelvgou9995/article/details/84067063 
index is :13|name is :ORACLE/MYSQL数据库的常用SQL命令|author is :SunJW_2017|numbers is :399|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/SunJW_2017/article/details/84023425 
index is :14|name is :ERP工程师的职责是什么|author is :这个也很漂亮|numbers is :432|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hdfghh/article/details/84059994 
index is :15|name is :springMVC学习心得及手写springMVC简单实现|author is :棒叔叔|numbers is :245|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_41785135/article/details/83781493 
index is :16|name is :自动化运维一体化|author is :Stestack|numbers is :585|url is :https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Stestack/article/details/83963083 
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