leveldb的compact条件

先看一段代码：

Compaction* VersionSet::PickCompaction() {
  Compaction* c;
  int level;

  // We prefer compactions triggered by too much data in a level over
  // the compactions triggered by seeks.
  const bool size_compaction = (current_->compaction_score_ >= 1);
  const bool seek_compaction = (current_->file_to_compact_ != NULL);
  if (size_compaction) {
    level = current_->compaction_level_;
    assert(level >= 0);
    assert(level+1 < config::kNumLevels);
    c = new Compaction(level);

    // Pick the first file that comes after compact_pointer_[level]
    for (size_t i = 0; i < current_->files_[level].size(); i++) {
      FileMetaData* f = current_->files_[level][i];
      if (compact_pointer_[level].empty() ||
          icmp_.Compare(f->largest.Encode(), compact_pointer_[level]) > 0) {
        c->inputs_[0].push_back(f);
        break;
      }
    }
    if (c->inputs_[0].empty()) {
      // Wrap-around to the beginning of the key space
      c->inputs_[0].push_back(current_->files_[level][0]);
    }
  } else if (seek_compaction) {
    level = current_->file_to_compact_level_;
    c = new Compaction(level);
    c->inputs_[0].push_back(current_->file_to_compact_);
  } else {
    return NULL;
  }

  c->input_version_ = current_;
  c->input_version_->Ref();

  // Files in level 0 may overlap each other, so pick up all overlapping ones
  if (level == 0) {
    InternalKey smallest, largest;
    GetRange(c->inputs_[0], &smallest, &largest);
    // Note that the next call will discard the file we placed in
    // c->inputs_[0] earlier and replace it with an overlapping set
    // which will include the picked file.
    current_->GetOverlappingInputs(0, &smallest, &largest, &c->inputs_[0]);
    assert(!c->inputs_[0].empty());
  }
  SetupOtherInputs(c);

  return c;
}

代码中有以下两个条件,才可以进行compact

          条件a： size_compaction 为 true

          条件b：  seek_compaction  为true

1.  那我们先来size_compaction为true的条件， 是  current_->compaction_score_ >= 1

 // Precomputed best level for next compaction
  int best_level = -1;
  double best_score = -1;

  for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels-1; level++) {
    double score;
    if (level == 0) {
      // We treat level-0 specially by bounding the number of files
      // instead of number of bytes for two reasons:
      //
      // (1) With larger write-buffer sizes, it is nice not to do too
      // many level-0 compactions.
      //
      // (2) The files in level-0 are merged on every read and
      // therefore we wish to avoid too many files when the individual
      // file size is small (perhaps because of a small write-buffer
      // setting, or very high compression ratios, or lots of
      // overwrites/deletions).
      score = v->files_[level].size() /
          static_cast<double>(config::kL0_CompactionTrigger);
    } else {
      // Compute the ratio of current size to size limit.
      const uint64_t level_bytes = TotalFileSize(v->files_[level]);
      score = static_cast<double>(level_bytes) / MaxBytesForLevel(level);
    }

    if (score > best_score) {
      best_level = level;
      best_score = score;
    }
  }

  v->compaction_level_ = best_level;
  v->compaction_score_ = best_score;

   compaction_score_ 大于等于 1，逻辑是以上代码实现的，让我们来理解一下吧：

   在level 0 到 level N遍历每一层，计算出score最大的一个level，level的分数对于level 0比较特别：

        level 0：  文件数不能超过  config::kL0_CompactionTrigger 设置的值；

        level N(N>0):  该层的占用磁盘大小不能超过预计的大小来计算的，可以看一下 MaxBytesForLevel(level) 代码，这里就不帖，它很简单，每一层是10M的倍数，如：level1是10M，level2是100M，level3是1000M 等；

2.   seek_compaction为true的条件，是  (current_->file_to_compact_ != NULL

来看一段代码：

bool Version::UpdateStats(const GetStats& stats) {
  FileMetaData* f = stats.seek_file;
  if (f != NULL) {
    f->allowed_seeks--;
    if (f->allowed_seeks <= 0 && file_to_compact_ == NULL) {
      file_to_compact_ = f;
      file_to_compact_level_ = stats.seek_file_level;
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

 很明显  allowed_seeks 小于等于 0 的时候， 就可以compact，那allowed_seeks是怎么来的呢？我们继续往下研究：

      // We arrange to automatically compact this file after
      // a certain number of seeks.  Let's assume:
      //   (1) One seek costs 10ms
      //   (2) Writing or reading 1MB costs 10ms (100MB/s)
      //   (3) A compaction of 1MB does 25MB of IO:
      //         1MB read from this level
      //         10-12MB read from next level (boundaries may be misaligned)
      //         10-12MB written to next level
      // This implies that 25 seeks cost the same as the compaction
      // of 1MB of data.  I.e., one seek costs approximately the
      // same as the compaction of 40KB of data.  We are a little
      // conservative and allow approximately one seek for every 16KB
      // of data before triggering a compaction.
      f->allowed_seeks = (f->file_size / 16384);
      if (f->allowed_seeks < 100) f->allowed_seeks = 100;

      levels_[level].deleted_files.erase(f->number);
      levels_[level].added_files->insert(f);

这里很有意思，  allowed_seeks = filesize/16k;    这个地方很奇怪为什么是16k，不是别的数字，这牵涉到一个算法,看一段注释：

      //   (1) One seek costs 10ms
      //   (2) Writing or reading 1MB costs 10ms (100MB/s)
      //   (3) A compaction of 1MB does 25MB of IO:
      //         1MB read from this level
      //         10-12MB read from next level (boundaries may be misaligned)
      //         10-12MB written to next level
      // This implies that 25 seeks cost the same as the compaction
      // of 1MB of data.  I.e., one seek costs approximately the
      // same as the compaction of 40KB of data.  We are a little
      // conservative and allow approximately one seek for every 16KB
      // of data before triggering a compaction.

通过这几条注释来解释一下：

 (1). 一次 seek 需要 10ms，

 (2). 读和写 1M的数据 需要 10ms，

 (3). 合并1M的数据相当于 25MB数据的IO操作

   意味着 25 个seeks 相当于 合并 1M数据， 相反 1个seek 相应于 40KB的数据， 这个 16KB相当于 40KB；

  ====> 经过 allowed_seeks 次过后， 相当于 一次合并的时间，所以这个文件需要进行合并。