原文:https://bbs.51cto.com/thread-931705-1.html
路由器电信、网通双线路智能切换配置指导
一。配置访问控制列表,定义访问目的地址为网通的地址段
system
System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.
[Quidway]acl num 3100
[Quidway-acl-adv-3100]
可以直接复制粘贴如下规则:
rule 0 permit ip destination 60.0.0.0 0.7.255.255
rule 1 permit ip destination 60.0.0.0 0.8.255.255
rule 2 permit ip destination 60.0.0.0 0.9.255.255
rule 3 permit ip destination 60.0.0.0 0.10.255.255
rule 4 permit ip destination 60.0.0.0 0.11.255.255
rule 5 permit ip destination 60.8.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 6 permit ip destination 60.12.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 7 permit ip destination 60.13.0.0 0.0.63.255
rule 8 permit ip destination 60.13.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 9 permit ip destination 60.16.0.0 0.15.255.255
rule 10 permit ip destination 60.208.0.0 0.7.255.255
rule 11 permit ip destination 60.216.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 12 permit ip destination 60.220.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 13 permit ip destination 61.48.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 14 permit ip destination 61.52.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 15 permit ip destination 61.54.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 16 permit ip destination 61.55.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 17 permit ip destination 61.133.0.0 0.0.127.255
rule 18 permit ip destination 61.134.64.0 0.0.63.255
rule 19 permit ip destination 61.134.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 20 permit ip destination 61.135.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 21 permit ip destination 61.136.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 22 permit ip destination 61.138.0.0 0.0.127.255
rule 23 permit ip destination 61.139.128.0 0.0.63.255
rule 24 permit ip destination 61.148.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 25 permit ip destination 61.149.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 26 permit ip destination 61.156.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 27 permit ip destination 61.158.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 28 permit ip destination 61.159.0.0 0.0.63.255
rule 29 permit ip destination 61.161.0.0 0.0.63.255
rule 30 permit ip destination 61.161.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 31 permit ip destination 61.162.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 32 permit ip destination 61.163.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 33 permit ip destination 61.167.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 34 permit ip destination 61.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 35 permit ip destination 61.176.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 36 permit ip destination 61.179.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 37 permit ip destination 61.180.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 38 permit ip destination 61.181.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 39 permit ip destination 61.182.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 40 permit ip destination 61.189.0.0 0.0.127.255
rule 41 permit ip destination 202.32.0.0 0.31.255.255
rule 42 permit ip destination 202.96.64.0 0.0.31.255
rule 43 permit ip destination 202.97.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 44 permit ip destination 202.98.0.0 0.0.31.255
rule 45 permit ip destination 202.99.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 46 permit ip destination 202.102.128.0 0.0.63.255
rule 47 permit ip destination 202.102.224.0 0.0.1.255
rule 48 permit ip destination 202.106.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 49 permit ip destination 202.107.0.0 0.0.127.255
rule 50 permit ip destination 202.108.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 51 permit ip destination 202.110.0.0 0.0.127.255
rule 52 permit ip destination 202.110.192.0 0.0.63.255
rule 53 permit ip destination 202.111.128.0 0.0.63.255
rule 54 permit ip destination 210.51.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 55 permit ip destination 210.52.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 56 permit ip destination 218.4.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 57 permit ip destination 218.10.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 58 permit ip destination 218.21.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 59 permit ip destination 218.24.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 60 permit ip destination 218.26.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 61 permit ip destination 218.27.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 62 permit ip destination 218.28.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 63 permit ip destination 218.56.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 64 permit ip destination 218.60.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 65 permit ip destination 218.62.0.0 0.0.127.255
rule 66 permit ip destination 218.67.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 67 permit ip destination 218.68.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 68 permit ip destination 219.141.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 69 permit ip destination 219.142.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 70 permit ip destination 219.154.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 71 permit ip destination 219.156.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 72 permit ip destination 219.158.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 73 permit ip destination 219.159.0.0 0.0.63.255
rule 74 permit ip destination 221.0.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 75 permit ip destination 221.4.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 76 permit ip destination 221.6.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 77 permit ip destination 221.7.128.0 0.0.127.255
rule 78 permit ip destination 221.8.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 79 permit ip destination 221.10.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 80 permit ip destination 221.11.0.0 0.0.127.255
rule 81 permit ip destination 221.12.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 82 permit ip destination 221.12.0.0 0.0.127.255
rule 83 permit ip destination 221.12.128.0 0.0.63.255
rule 84 permit ip destination 221.192.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 85 permit ip destination 221.196.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 86 permit ip destination 221.199.0.0 0.0.31.255
rule 87 permit ip destination 221.199.32.0 0.0.15.255
rule 88 permit ip destination 221.199.128.0 0.0.63.255
rule 89 permit ip destination 221.199.192.0 0.0.15.255
rule 90 permit ip destination 221.200.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 91 permit ip destination 221.204.0.0 0.1.255.255
rule 92 permit ip destination 221.207.0.0 0.0.63.255
rule 93 permit ip destination 221.208.0.0 0.15.255.255
rule 94 permit ip destination 222.128.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 95 permit ip destination 222.132.0.0 0.3.255.255
rule 96 permit ip destination 222.136.0.0 0.7.255.255
rule 97 permit ip destination 222.160.0.0 0.3.255.255
注:以上规则已经包含大部分网通地址段,如有更新可以动态添加。
二。定义策略路由指定访问网通地址段的数据报文下一跳为网通网关
[Quidway]route-policy auto permit node 1
%New sequence of this list
[Quidway-route-policy]if-match acl 3100
[Quidway-route-policy]apply ip-address next-hop 10.1.1.2
[Quidway-route-policy]dis this
route-policy auto permit node 1
if-match acl 3100
apply ip-address next-hop 10.1.1.2
return
[Quidway-route-policy]
注:上面配置中以地址10.1.1.2为例作为网通网关地址,应用中可根据实际需要修改。
三。在连接局域网接口下应用此策略路由
[Quidway]int e3/0
[Quidway-Ethernet3/0]dis this
interface Ethernet3/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
return
[Quidway-Ethernet3/0]ip policy route-policy auto
[Quidway-Ethernet3/0]dis this
interface Ethernet3/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip policy route-policy auto
return
[Quidway-Ethernet3/0]
四。配置默认路由器经过电信网关
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.1.1.2 preference 60
策略路由策略路由(policy-based-route)是一种依据用户制定的策略进行路由选择的机制。与单纯依照IP报文的目的地址查找路由表进行转发不同,策略路由基于到达报文的源地址、长度等信息灵活地进行路由选择。
策略路由可分为系统策略路由和接口策略路由:
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系统策略路由对本地产生的报文进行策略路由,它只对本地产生的报文起作用,对转发的报文不起作用;
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接口策略路由作用于到达该接口的报文,它只对转发的报文起作用,对本地产生的报文(比如本地的ping报文)不起作用。
一般来讲,策略路由的优先级要高于普通路由,即报文先按照策略路由进行转发。如果无法匹配所有的策略路由条件,再按照普通路由进行转发。但对于配置了缺省出接口(下一跳)的情况,则是先进行普通路由的转发,如果无法匹配,再进行策略路由转发。
1.2 配置IP单播策略路由1.2.1 配置策略策略可以包含若干节点,每个策略节点由node-number来指定,node-number的值越小优先级越高,优先级高的策略优先被执行。一个策略用来引入一条路由,对IP报文转发进行路由选择。策略的具体内容由if-match和apply子句来指定。
if-match子句定义该节点的匹配规则,apply子句定义通过该节点过滤后进行的动作。if-match子句定义了那些需要使用策略的报文,当报文满足if-match子句时,则执行策略对应节点的apply子句,以完成报文的转发。
在一个策略中,每个节点的if-match子句之间的过滤关系是“与”的关系,即报文必须满足该节点的所有if-match子句才能执行该节点的apply子句。
目前IP单播策略路由提供了两种if-match子句,分别为if-match packet-length和if-match acl,同一类型的if-match子句只能有一条;IP单播策略路由同时提供五种apply子句:apply ip-precedence,apply output-interface,apply ip-address next-hop,apply default output-interface,apply ip-address default next-hop,同一类型的apply子句最多只能配置一个。在满足所有if-match子句的情况下,apply子句执行的优先级情况如下:
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配置报文的优先级:apply ip-precedence,只要配置了该子句,该子句就一定会执行;
l
配置策略路由出接口和下一跳:apply output-interface和apply ip-address next-hop,其中apply output-interface命令的优先级高于apply ip-address next-hop。当两条命令同时配置并且都有效时,系统只会执行apply output-interface命令;
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配置策略路由缺省出接口和下一跳:apply default output-interface和apply ip-address default next-hop,同样,apply default output-interface命令的优先级高于apply ip-address default next-hop
。当两条命令同时配置并且都有效时,系统只会执行apply default output-interface命令。执行缺省出接口和下一跳命令的前提是,在策略路由中报文没有配置出接口或者下一跳,或者配置的出接口和下一跳无效,并且报文目的IP地址在路由表中没有查到相应的路由,这时才会使用策略路由配置的缺省下一跳或者出接口。
在一个策略中,节点之间的过滤关系是“或”的关系,即只要通过一个节点的过滤,就意味着通过该策略路由的过滤。
在配置策略节点时,可能需要指定节点的匹配模式为permit或者deny:
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permit指定所定义的策略节点的匹配模式为允许模式。当报文满足该节点的所有if-match子句时被允许通过该节点的过滤并执行该节点的apply子句,如报文不满足该节点的if-match子句,报文将会使用该条策略的下一个节点进行匹配。
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deny指定所定义的策略节点的匹配模式为拒绝模式,当报文满足该节点的所有if-match子句时,被拒绝通过该节点的过滤,并且不会进行下一个节点的匹配。
通过一个节点所定义的策略的报文将不再参与其他策略的过滤和处理。如果报文不能通过一个策略所有节点的过滤,则认为没有通过该策略。该报文按正常转发流程处理。
在一个策略中最多可以指定两个下一跳或者两个出接口,此时,报文的转发将在两个合法参数中负载分担,轮流在每一个下一跳或者出接口上发送一个报文
- 配置步骤 system-view
定义访问控制列表。
[SecBlade] acl number 3101
[SecBlade-acl-adv-3101] rule permit tcp
[SecBlade-acl-adv-3101] quit
[SecBlade] acl number 3102
[SecBlade-acl-adv-3102] rule permit ip
[SecBlade-acl-adv-3102] quit
定义5号节点,使匹配ACL 3101的任何TCP报文被发往GigabitEthernet0/2。
[SecBlade] policy-based-route aaa permit node 5
[SecBlade-pbr-aaa-5] if-match acl 3101
[SecBlade-pbr-aaa-5] apply ip-address next-hop 10.120.1.2
[SecBlade-pbr-aaa-5] quit
定义10号节点,表示匹配ACL3102的报文不做策略路由处理,按照查找路由表的方式进行转发。
[SecBlade] policy-based-route aaa deny node 10
[SecBlade-pbr-aaa-10] if-match acl 3102
[SecBlade-pbr-aaa-10] quit
在以太网接口上应用策略aaa。
[SecBlade] interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
[SecBlade-GigabitEthernet0/1] ip policy-based-route aaa